After a brief overview of the state of the art in translation training, in this paper the author goes beyond pure translation didactics in presenting some results of the research in expertise of other disciplines, since the studies in this field prove to be a solid foundation for an academic training, and as such a tool to develop more appropriate translation training and evaluation methods. Other aims of this paper are: focus on training methods, namely process-oriented training, and describe different learning mechanisms, stress the implementation of a special software, Translog, draw an outline of an interdisciplinary study with the Department of Neurology of the University Hospital of Geneva, and emphasize the evaluation of proficiency.