Strauss' Salome is a very interesting case regarding libretto-translation. The Irish playwright Oscar Wilde wrote the play in French. Strauss composed his opera after the German translation by Hedwig Lachmann. For the performance in France, he wanted to avoid a translation of the German libretto, which would have been a stylistically heavy and conventional adaptation to the original vocal melody. Instead, he decided to modify the score in accordance to the original French text himself. He did this in collaboration with the French writer and musicologist Romain Rolland. The first part of the paper analyses their correspondence as well as Strauss' attitude toward libretto-translation and his problems with the styllistic and prosodic particularities of French. Although the latter version exist, a re-translation by Marliave was performed in France.