This book introduces two key concepts of translation theory of the last few years, namely rewriting and manipulation. The book, its original published in 1992, has become a classic in the scope of Translation Studies, while obligingly referring to the so called “school of manipulation”. The author starts from the idea that all rewriting – understanding rewriting as ranging from anthologies and compilations to translations, happening through historiography, criticism and editing – implies manipulation. This can be positive or negative. Rewriting can repress innovation and distort the vision of the world, but the study of the processes of the manipulation of literature, as the author shows, can also help us to be more conscious of the world that we live in. The concepts of rewriting and manipulation are inextricably united with the problem of ideology and power as well in literature as in society. This book comes to demonstrate that whoever rewrites literature, also rewrites society, the reception of art works and their possible canonization.