Although written by a European with limited knowledge of translation practice and Translation Studies in China (albeit with some familiarity of developments over the last decade or so), this chapter focuses on some issues central to today’s globalised Translation Studies. The author believes that many issues associated with this globalisation call for a re-examination of basic tenets in Translation Studies. This is necessary to assess the changed emphasis that globalisation is bringing about, which will affect future translation work as well. In this chapter, the author discusses how complicated the world of translation has become in the age of globalisation. The author believes that scholars from emerging countries, including China, may be better prepared to tackle the new challenges than are those scholars nurtured in Western thinking. Western scholars have studies problems largely restricted to translation between Indo-European languages and religious and literary translation, problems that are - quantitatively – insignificant in today’s translation work.