The Talmud has been the central pillar of Jewish life for the past two thousand years. Since the early sixteenth century, Jews have studied from a printed Talmud with the text, in the original combination of Hebrew and Aramaic, in the middle of the page and the commentaries of Rashi and Tosafot lining the outside margins. The printed edition does not contain either vocalization or punctuation. Despite the complicated nature of the Talmud and its difficult language, Jews did not compose any translations of the Talmud for centuries. Having most often begun the study of Talmud in their youth, Jews were familiar with the language and, therefore, did not feel the need for such a study aid. It was not until the nineteenth century that vernacular translations were composed by Jews. This article discusses the major Jewish translations of the Talmud, particularly those that elicited controversy, and how these translations and the reactions to them have affected Talmud study to this very day.