There is a commonsense view that the relationship between meaning and translation is close, and that translation can be defined in terms of sameness of meaning across languages. This begs the question of what meaning is and how sameness of meaning can be established. The author suggests that, to be able to make sense of the concept of meaning, the concept must in turn be connected to the translation phenomenon, or we need to bring in a third concept in terms of which both phenomena, meaning and translation, can be defined. Several types of third concept have been suggested for this purpose, and the author discusses some of these in the course of this chapter.