This chapter aims to illustrate what the multiplicity of studies of the translation process have contributed to Translation Studies. The focus is on studies using concurrent (thinking aloud) and retrospective verbal reports as well as keyboard logging software (Translog, ScriptLog) as data. First, a survey of the methodological options available to acquire information about the translation process and their advantages and disadvantages is offered. Then some research questions covered to date are summarized as well as some of the main findings. The chapter concludes by summing up the contribution of process studies to the field of Translation Studies at large and their potential uses in enhancing the image of translating and Translation Studies outside the field.