The objective of the present paper is to critically review the role played in Translation Studies by fourteen anthologies of texts on translation theory, published in Spain and Portugal between 1987 and 2009. After presenting the works themselves, the author will try to answer the following questions: What types of anthologies have been produced? Which underlying historiographical positions are revealed as a function of the choice and presentation of the texts? Which canons of translation theory do the anthologies represent (which texts are repeated and are therefore considered classics)? Do any obvious rivalries exist between different cultural systems (Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Portuguese)? What did the compilers aim to achieve by rewriting the texts in their anthologies? And finally, what role do these anthologies really play in translation studies today?