There is more to translation than just associating words in one language with those in another. Cognitive scientific approaches to translation try to understand and explain the workings of translators' minds: How do translators and the other actors involved in translation create meaning in the situations and texts they handle? How do they arrive at their strategies and choices? How does their cultural and linguistic background influence their thinking and understanding? How do they develop translation competence? This article provides an overview of the research conducted on cognitive approaches to translation.