The authors show that, in the field of translation, the German theories have been badly known for a long time or have been ignored and that this ignorance gave place to erroneous interpretations. They then show how a school which explicitly distances itself from linguistics cannot, in fact, ignore linguistics if it proposes to elaborate didactic translation. They then present a general view of the various theories, situating at the same time the German School and the role of linguistics in the evolution of translation theories.