Although Spain has sometimes attempted to act as the cultural "center" among the Spanish-speaking countries, the fact is that, both historically and culturally, this role is limited and severely questioned in America for a lot of different reasons. The use of the European or "peninsular" variety of Spanish in books translated and published in Spain is a sample of this "imposition", brought about by the power of Spanish publishers, whose books are distributed and sold in the huge Spanish-speaking market. This paper examines samples of translations made in Spain and Spanish American countries, and considers the economic and cultural factors behind this "rejection" of books translated in Spain, paying special attention to the different features conforming the literary polysystems of Spain and Latin America.