Localisation is all about customising things for a “local” audience. Although much emphasis is placed on new developments in translation such as web globalisation, translation workflow automation, and machine translation, most localisation vendors still mostly deal with localisation projects the way they have been doing it for the past ten years. This chapter provides the basics of localisation, introduces project components and a typical team and process, and describes how the localisation industry has evolved since the beginning of the 1980s.