Translation has largely been dismissed by the field of comparative literature as being considered a mere mediator and an unnecessary tool for the true comparatist. But it is the comparatist who should master the languages in which the works to be compared are written. In recent decades, following the “cultural turn”, scholars have come to study translation from a cultural and comparative perspective in increasing numbers. This chapter further develops this orientation by addressing the issue of reflexivity as essential to comparative literature qua multilingual research. Furthermore, comparative literature is here considered from the perspective of translation, with a special focus on the fact that comparative literature in the age of globalization is increasingly characterized by world literature.