This chapter serves as background for the edited volume and explains why this volume sees itself as part of an ongoing critical tendency in the discipline of translation studies, questioning — among other things — its own scope and fields of application. In this sense, the chapter partly relates to older discussions on topics such as translation universals and Eurocentrism. Here, the aim is to focus on both temporal and geographical extensions of theorization and conceptualization. Scholarly ideas and concepts are transported and transferred, both inter- and intralingually. They also originate in very divergent frameworks, affected by societal and institutional circumstances, with varying degrees of (non-)interaction, at different moments, in different places. Simultaneity, diachrony and synchrony in conceptual thinking become relative under these circumstances. The last part briefly presents the chapters and how they contribute in their own right to resituate the (center of the) discipline, both temporally and geographically.