This chapter is devoted to four literary translators operating in Lviv and Galicia between 1816–1895. Before presenting the historical and cultural context, as well as the lives of the translators in question, Eberharter closely defines the notion of “translator biography”. This term refers to the most important and in a sense characteristic biographical elements for many translators, such as the acquisition of appropriate language and literary competences, motivation to address translation, reflection on the essence of translation and on their own role, etc., and can therefore serve as a holistic and comprehensive description of the life and work of a given translator. In the last part of this chapter, an attempt is made to apply the concept of a translator biography to research on specific characteristics and aspects of the activities of selected translators. The selection of source materials is also a subject of reflection, as this text is based on materials rarely used in the field of Translation Studies.