This chapter focuses on the history of the twentieth-century empowerment of women literary translators in Poland and the professionalisation of their work, distinguishing three periods. The first period was a time of non-professionals, who remained in the shadow of original writers and men translators, and worked mostly on translations of children’s literature and popular novels. Literary translation was often the only form of women’s writing. The second period brought a radical change: prestigious translation series published by newly established, powerful state-owned publishing houses were very often designed, edited, and translated by women, excellently educated before the war and speaking several languages. The third period began with the political transformation and the abolition of censorship. The free publishing market resulted in a flood of translations, all too often of meagre quality, and the prestige of the profession temporarily fell; yet a new phenomenon has emerged: academic literary translators, who combine theory and practice, lecturing on translation studies and successfully translating literary and scientific texts.