The investigation of mental processes is increasingly gaining recognition as an area of research within translation studies. More specifically, there is also a growing interest in creative translation (see, for example, the papers of the 9th International Conference on Translation and Interpreting which took place in 1995 in Prague). This chapter discusses what can be termed a creative translation and then deals with some popular notions of creativity. It goes on to present some cognitive models and notions – Fillmore’s scenes and frames, Langacker’s figure/ground alignment and focus, and Schank’s thematic organization points (TOPs) – with a view to explaining what goes on in the minds of translators when they translate creatively. Some examples of translations are given to show that these models can be used to form hypotheses about what happens in creative translators’ minds. In a final instance, some possibilities for further research are outlined.