This presentation aims to throw light on Japanese adaptations and the writers of the adaptations of Western classics of children's literature. The author uses the term adaptation as a synonym for an abridged, free translation and discusses the following questions: What were the difficulties that these adapters faced? How did the adapter solve the problems of the cultural differences between the Western world and Japan? And how did he/she modify the original story into his/her own story? Motoko also gives a historical outline of Japanese children's literature from in the late 19th century up to the 1960s.