This book offers a panoramic view of the emerging eco-paradigm of Translation Studies, known as eco-translatology, and presents a systematic study of the theoretical discourse from ecological perspectives in the field of Translation Studies. Eco-translatology describes and interprets translation activities in terms of the ecological principles of eco-holism, traditional Eastern eco-wisdom, and ‘translation as adaptation and selection’. Further, eco-translatology approaches the phenomenon of translation as a broadly conceived eco-system in which the ideas of ‘translation as adaptation and selection’, as well as translation as a ‘textual transplant’ promoting an ‘eco-balance’, are integrated into an all-encompassing vision. Lastly, eco-translatology reinforces contextual uniqueness, emphasizing the deep embeddedness of texts, translations, and the human agents involved in their production and reception in their own habitus. In an increasingly globalised world, a new paradigm sourced from East Asian traditions but with universal appeal and applications adds to the diversity and plurality of global Translation Studies.