This innovative collection showcases the importance of the relationship between translation and experience in pre-modern science, bringing together an interdisciplinary group of scholars to offer a nuanced understanding of knowledge transfer across pre-modern time and space. The volume considers experience as a tool and object of science in the pre-modern world, using this idea as a jumping-off point from which to view translation as a process of interaction between different epistemic domains. The book is structured around four dimensions of translation—between terms within and across languages; across sciences and scientific norms; between verbal and visual systems; and through the expertise of practitioners and translators—which raise key questions on what constituted experience of the natural world in the pre-modern area and the impact of translation processes and agents in shaping experience. Providing a wide-ranging global account of historical studies on the travel and translation of experience in the pre-modern world, this book will be of interest to scholars in history, the history of translation, and the history and philosophy of science.