This chapter proposes a translation theory grounded in the written record in Mayan languages which affords a glimpse into religion among indigenous peoples. The chapter focuses on how mendicants in general, and Dominicans in particular, interpreted and repurchased Maya religious terms, specifically lexical couplets, for doctrinal concepts like ‘miracle,’ ‘glory,’ and ‘soul.’ Some of these may be traced back into the ancient hieroglyphic texts, and some of which may be Catholic neologisms produced on Maya discursive terms. Contemporaneous Maya authored texts evince the extent to which attempts by Dominicans to establish analogical commensurability between Christian and Maya religious ideas were further appropriated or rejected. Finally, focus on the specific lexical pair k’ex, jal for ‘change’ and ‘difference’ will gesture to how the Dominican translation strategy not only contrasted with that of Franciscans but also fed into and later contrasts with a Maya understanding of translation, especially of religious meaning.