This paper aims to explore how translators have exerted influence in the dissemination of knowledge throughout the ages. The paper first investigates the case of China, where translators were instrumental in the introduction of Buddhism and subsequently Western knowledge of medicine, astronomy and mathematics. Next, India is considered. From the nineteenth century onward, scientific translation there was a barometer of cultural exchange and a determining factor in progress and development. Next, a study of Arab translators in the Middle Ages shows how translation can feed into scientific research and contribute to the development of a scientific language. The School of Toledo, a celebrated milestone in the development of scientific thought, is also an example of how translators disseminate existing information and generate knowledge. Finally, the paper looks into translation in Scandinavia and investigates how the translation of some internationally known works has helped spread spiritual and human values.