In this chapter on biomedicine, Reid & Shamley expand the notion of interlingual translation when they talk about knowledge that has to be translated into practice in a context foreign to where the knowledge originated. The authors also clearly point out the complexity of the translation process, whereby findings under controlled experimental conditions cannot be replicated in real populations, because the experiment tested form-limited variables and reality seems to present more variables than the tests provided for. In addition, they delve into the political implications of biomedical translation, where healthcare workers at grassroots level are often the translators of policy through the way in which they take decisions. Lastly, their insight into the requirement of ‘back translation’ in biomedical research raises interesting questions about entropy and negentropy.