Role play is a vital part of any interpreter training programme and testing activity. This chapter will discuss how role play can be used as an instrument to train or test specific interpreter-related skills. Variations in some components of a role play – instructions, participants’ knowledge and abilities, general and individual goals and objectives – can be expected to have an impact on the interaction between the participants, making the role play more or less suitable for the training or testing goals intended. Thus, different role play setups are likely to suit different purposes. Training or testing terminology knowledge with scripted role plays is just a small part of what can be achieved with varied use of this instrument.