With a focus on polysystem theory, this book sets out to investigate the influence of translation on three periods in Spanish poetry: Modernist and Avant-Garde (1909-1920), the ‘Vanguardias’ of the 1920s and the poetry of the 1930s until the Civil War (1930-1936). The book also considers some anthologies and literary reviews, which constituted the prime publishing channels for poetry translations in those days. The style of the translations and the characteristics of different translators are also among the issues discussed.