This article draws on schema theory and takes the translation of special ingredients, dietary names, cultural backgrounds, traditional Chinese medicine terminology, health concepts, and related terms in the first English translation of Yinshan zhengyao as an example to explore the language and cultural schema transformation in the English translation of ethnic medicine classics and to explore the difficulties and processing methods in the translation of ethnic medicine classics. Research has found that translators need to consider the schema knowledge of the target readers, correctly decode the source language schema, flexibly adopt translation strategies, and integrate various translation methods such as literal translation, free translation, and creative translation to construct ethnic language and cultural schemas in order to activate the cultural image associations of the target readers.