The perception of the translated literary text depends to a large extent on the perception of his author’s overall work in the country of the language into which it is translated. A certain element of enigma is found in the fame that the creation of the first Russian realist writer Gógol achieved outside his country, in the opinion of foreign critics. They observe that he is possibly the most enigmatic and also the most modern writer of Russian literature. Each new generation of translators and critics offered readers their own opinions and theories about Gógol’s work. As a result, each theory, focusing on a single aspect of the writer’s creation or personality, had a marked influence on his appraisal, determined the peculiarities of the perception of his works in each period by each new generation of readers, and these peculiarities were reflected in the translations of his work.