The concepts in the title have in common that they rely on some kind of similarity between translated text and original. Some kind of similarity between the features inherent in the two texts is certainly a crucial aspect necessary to make a text a translation. Recent developments in communication theory have brought to the fore that representations can be deployed in two ways: descriptively as representations of states of affairs; or interpretively, as metarepresentations of other representations. The use of metarepresentations lies in the fact that they are intended to achieve relevance by virtue of the resemblance in meaning they bear to what someone else wrote, said or thought. As Gutt has aimed to show, translation is a typical instance of the interpretive use of language, hence of metarepresentation. Another typical feature characterising Bible translation is that it usually takes place in secondary communication situations, that is, situations where the contextual knowledge of the audience differs significantly from that assumed by the author of the text. Since successful communication requires a primary communication situation, Bible translation is set up for communication problems. This paper explores steps that need to be taken and options that are available to establish a primary communication situation for metarepresentations as a precondition for communicative success.