This paper aims at contributing to the study of the stratification and definition of literary translation in Belgium, especially after the Second World War (1945-1970), by examining some aspects of the evolution of translations from the Belgian Francophone into the Belgian-Dutch language, i.e. Flemish literary system. Systemic reflection supplemented by Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory is resorted to as a conceptual framework in order to substantiate the description of the evolution of literary translation in Belgium from 1945 to 1970. First however, the scholarly context of research produced in Belgium is sketched, in order to discuss the state of the art regarding Translation Studies in this domain.