In polemic with translatology which continues to be crossed by the nostalgia of the transparency, this book insists on the traces left in the product by its producer, on the presence in the translation of the translated subject, on the materiality, and the quasi-opacity of the translation. Breaking with the ideology of fidelity, it exalts the ‘being apart’ of the translation, the fundamental otherness of the translated text with respect to the original text. This vision pleads the right, and even the need for a translation to be different.