Studying interaction as embodied means that, in addition to verbal information, we take into account the contribution of the participants’ bodies. On the one hand, speaking itself is embodied, as language is produced in the vocal tract and with a variety of functional prosodies. On the other hand, we also use gesture, posture, gaze and movement to make sense to each other, often with the support of the materialities in the environment. Embodied interaction analysis centrally targets the question how human beings use their available bodily and material resources to bring about social action that is treated as meaningful by other participants (Streeck, Goodwin and LeBaron 2011). It dissects both the verbal and embodied methods of action formation at various occasions, and thus does not inevitably treat language as the most important vehicle of meaning. This approach accounts for a wider range of human activity, by covering the embodied aspects of everyday conversation, but also by elucidating the role of language in highly embodied activities.
References
Arminen, I., I. Koskela and H. Palukka
2014 “Multimodal production of second pair parts in air traffic control training.” Journal of Pragmatics [A body of resources – CA studies of social conduct] 65: 46–62.
1970Kinesics and Context: Essays on Body Motion Communication. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Broth, M. and L. Keevallik
2014 “Getting ready to move as a couple: Accomplishing mobile formations in a dance class.” Space and Culture 17: 107–21.
Broth, M. and F. Lundström
2013 “A walk on the Pier: Establishing relevant places in mobile interaction.” In Interaction and Mobility: Language and the Body in Motion, ed. by P. Haddington, L. Mondada and M. Nevile, 91–122. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Broth, M. and L. Mondada
2013 “Walking away: The embodied achievement of activity closings in mobile interaction.” Journal of Pragmatics 47: 41–58.
Cekaite, A.
2010 “Shepherding the child: Embodied directive sequences in parent–child interactions.” Text & Talk 30: 1–25.
Cekaite, A.
2015 “The coordination of talk and touch in adults’ directives to children: Touch and social control.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 48: 152–75.
Cekaite, A. and M. Kvist Holm
2017 “The comforting touch: Tactile intimacy and talk in managing children’s distress.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 50: 109–27.
Cibulka, P.
2015 “When the hands do not go home: A micro-study of the role of gesture phases in sequence suspension and closure.” Discourse Studies 17: 3–24.
Clark, H.
2016 “Depicting as a method of communication.” Psychological Review 123: 324–47.
Clift, R.
2016Conversation Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Couper-Kuhlen, E. and M. Selting
(eds)1996Prosody in Conversation: Interactional Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
De Stefani, E. and A.-D. Gazin
2014 “Instructional sequences in driving lessons: Mobile participants and the temporal and sequential organization of actions.” Journal of Pragmatics [A body of resources – CA studies of social conduct] 65: 63–79.
Deppermann, A.
2013 “Turn-design at turn-beginnings: Multimodal resources to deal with tasks of turn-construction in German.” Journal of Pragmatics [Conversation Analytic Studies of Multimodal Interaction] 46: 91–121.
Enfield, N. J.
2009The Anatomy of Meaning: Speech, Gesture, and Composite Utterances. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Eriksson, M.
2009 “Referring as interaction: On the interplay between linguistic and bodily practices.” Journal of Pragmatics 41: 240–62.
Fasel Lauzon, V. and E. Berger
2015 “The multimodal organization of speaker selection in classroom interaction.” Linguistics and Education 31: 14–29.
Ford, C. E., S. A. Thompson and V. Drake
2012 “Bodily-visual practices and turn continuation.” Discourse Processes 49: 192–212.
Fox, B. A. and T. Heinemann
2015 “The alignment of manual and verbal displays in requests for the repair of an object.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 48: 342–62.
Garfinkel, H.
1967Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Gibson, W. and D. vom Lehn
2020 “Seeing as accountable action: The interactional accomplishment of sensorial work.” Current Sociology 68: 77–96.
Goffman, E.
1956The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.Edinburgh: Doubleday.
Goodwin, C.
1979 “The interactive construction of a sentence in natural conversation.” In Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomethodology, ed. by G. Psathas, 97–121. New York: Irvington Publishers.
Goodwin, C.
1981Conversational Organization: Interaction between Speakers and Hearers. New York: Academic Press.
Goodwin, C.
2000a “Practices of color classification.” Mind, Culture, and Activity 7: 19–36.
Goodwin, C.
2000b “Action and embodiment within situated human interaction.” Journal of Pragmatics 32: 1489–1522.
Goodwin, C.
2007 “Participation, stance and affect in the organization of activities.” Discourse & Society 18: 53–73.
Goodwin, M. H.
2017 “Haptic sociality: The embodied interactive constitution of intimacy through touch.” In Intercorporeality: Emerging Socialities in Interaction, ed. by C. Meyer, J. Streeck, andJ. S. Jordan, 73–102. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Haddington, P., T. Keisanen, L. Mondada and M. Nevile
(eds)2014Multiactivity in Social Interaction: Beyond Multitasking. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Hayashi, M.
2003 “Language and the body as resources for collaborative action: A study of word searches in Japanese conversation.” Research on Language and Social Interaction36: 109–41.
Hayashi, M.
2005 “Joint turn construction through language and the body: Notes on embodiment in coordinated participation in situated activities.” Semiotica 2005: 21–53.
Heath, C.
1989 “Pain talk: The expression of suffering in the medical consultation.” Social Psychology Quarterly 52: 113.
Heath, C. and P. Luff
2013 “Embodied action and organisational interaction: Establishing contract on the strike of a hammer.” Journal of Pragmatics 46: 24–38.
Heritage, J.
1990 “Intention, meaning and strategy: Observations on constraints on interaction analysis.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 24: 311–32.
Hindmarsh, J. and A. Pilnick
2002 “The tacit order of teamwork: Collaboration and embodied conduct in anesthesia.” The Sociological Quarterly 43: 139–64.
Hofstetter, E.
In press a. “Achieving pre-allocation: Turn transition practices in board games.” Discourse Processes.
Hofstetter, E.
In press b. “Thinking with the body: Embodying thinking as a practice in board games.” In Discursive Psychology & Embodiment: Beyond Subject-Object Boundaries ed. by S. Wiggins and K. OsvaldssonLondonPalgrave
Iwasaki, S.
2009 “Initiating interactive turn spaces in Japanese conversation: Local projection and collaborative action.” Discourse Processes 46: 226–46.
Iwasaki, S.
2011 “The multimodal mechanics of collaborative unit construction in Japanese conversation.” In Embodied Interaction: Language and Body in the Material World, ed. by J. Streeck, C. Goodwin and C. LeBaron, 106–20. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2019 “How to disengage: Suspension, body torque, and repair.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 52: 406–26.
Keevallik, L.
2012 “Compromising progressivity: ‘No’-prefacing in Estonian.” Pragmatics 22: 119–46.
Keevallik, L.
2013 “The interdependence of bodily demonstrations and clausal syntax.” Research on Language & Social Interaction 46: 1–21.
Keevallik, L.
2014 “Turn organization and bodily-vocal demonstrations.” Journal of Pragmatics [A body of resources – CA studies of social conduct] 65: 103–20.
Keevallik, L.
2015 “Coordinating the temporalities of talk and dance.” In Temporality in Interaction, ed. by A. Deppermann and S. Günthner, 309–36. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Keevallik, L.
2017Linking performances: The temporality of contrastive grammar.” In Linking Clauses and Actions in Social Interaction, ed. by R. Laury, M. Etelämäki and E. Couper-Kuhlen, 54–73. Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.
Keevallik, L.
2018a “What does embodied interaction tell us about grammar?” Research on Language and Social Interaction 51: 1–21.
Keevallik, L.
2018b “Sequence initiation or self-talk? Commenting on the surroundings while mucking out a sheep stable.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 51: 313–28.
Keisanen, T. and E. Kärkkäinen
2014 “A multimodal analysis of compliment sequences in everyday English interactions.” Pragmatics 24: 649–72.
Kendon, A.
1967 “Some functions of gaze-direction in social interaction.” Acta Psychologica 26: 22–63.
Kendon, A.
1990Conducting Interaction: Patterns of Behavior in Focused Encounters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kendon, A.
2004Gesture: Visible Action as Utterance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kendrick, K. H. and P. Drew
2016 “Recruitment: Offers, requests, and the organization of assistance in interaction.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 49: 1–19.
Kress, G. and T. van Leeuwen
2001Multimodal Discourse: The Mode and Media of Contemporary Communication. London: Arnold.
Li, X.
2014 “Leaning and recipient intervening questions in Mandarin conversation.” Journal of Pragmatics 67: 34–60.
Liberman, K.
2013More Studies in Ethnomethodology. SUNY Series in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Lynch, M., E. Livingston and H. Garfinkel
1983 “Temporal order in laboratory work.” In Science Observed: Perspectives on the Social Study of Science, ed. by K. Knorr-Cetina and M. Mulkay, 205–38. London: Sage.
McNeill, D.
2005Gesture and Thought. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Mead, G. H.
1910 “Social consciousness and the consciousness of meaning.” Psychological Bulletin 7: 397–405.
Mondada, L.
2007 “Multimodal resources for turn-taking: Pointing and the emergence of possible next speakers.” Discourse Studies 9: 194–225.
Mondada, L.
2009a “Emergent focused interactions in public places: A systematic analysis of the multimodal achievement of a common interactional space.” Journal of Pragmatics [Communicating Place, Space and Mobility] 41: 1977–97.
Mondada, L.
2009b “The embodied and negotiated production of assessments in instructed actions.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 42: 329–61.
Mondada, L.
2011 “The interactional production of multiple spatialities within a participatory democracy meeting.” Social Semiotics 21: 289–316.
Mondada, L.
2014a “The temporal orders of multiactivity: Operating and demonstrating in the surgical theatre.” In Multiactivity in Social Interaction: Beyond Multitasking, ed. by P. Haddington, T. Keisanen, L. Mondada and M. Nevile, 33–75. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Mondada, L.
2014b “Bodies in action: Multimodal analysis of walking and talking.” Language and Dialogue 4: 357–403.
Mondada, L.
2014c “Instructions in the operating room: How the surgeon directs their assistant’s hands.” Discourse Studies 16: 131–61.
Mondada, L.
2014d “The local constitution of multimodal resources for social interaction.” Journal of Pragmatics [A body of resources – CA studies of social conduct] 65: 137–56.
Mondada, L.
2015 “Multimodal completions.” In Temporality in Interaction, ed. by A. Deppermannand S. Günthner, 267–307. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Mondada, L.
2018 “The multimodal interactional organization of tasting: Practices of tasting cheese in gourmet shops.” Discourse Studies 20: 743–69.
Mondada, L.
2019a. “Rethinking bodies and objects in social interaction: A multimodal and multisensorial approach to tasting.”In Discussing New Materialism: Methodological Implications for the Study of Materialities, ed. by U. T. Kissmann and J. van Loon, 109–34. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien.
Mondada, L.
2019b “Contemporary issues in Conversation Analysis: Embodiment and materiality, multimodality and multisensoriality in social interaction.” Journal of Pragmatics 145: 47–62.
Mondada, L.
2020 “Orchestrating multi-sensoriality in tasting sessions: Sensing bodies, normativity, and language.” Symbolic Interaction n/a.
Mondada, L., H. Svensson and N. van Schepen
2017 “A table-based turn-taking system and its political consequences: Managing participation, building opinion groups, and fostering consensus.” Journal of Language and Politics 16: 83–109.
Mori, J. and M. Hayashi
2006 “The achievement of intersubjectivity through embodied completions: A study of interactions between first and second language speakers.” Applied Linguistics 27: 195–219.
Mortensen, K.
2008 “Selecting next speaker in the Second Language Classroom: How to find a willing next speaker in planned activities.” Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice 5: 55–79.
Mortensen, K.
2016 “The body as a resource for other-initiation of repair: Cupping the hand behind the ear.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 49: 34–57.
Mortensen, K. and S. Hazel
2011 “Initiating Round Robins in the L2 Classroom: Preliminary observations.” Novitas-ROYAL Research On Youth and Language 5: 55–70.
Musk, N.
2016 “Correcting spellings in Second Language Learners’ computer-assisted collaborative writing.” Classroom Discourse 7: 36–57.
Nevile, M.
2015 “The embodied turn in research on language and social interaction.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 48: 121–51.
Nishizaka, A.
2000 “Seeing what one sees: Perception, emotion, and activity.” Mind, Culture, and Activity 7: 105–23.
Nishizaka, A.
2016 “Syntactical constructions and tactile orientations: Procedural utterances and procedures in massage therapy.” Journal of Pragmatics 98: 18–35.
Oloff, F.
2013 “Embodied withdrawal after overlap resolution.” Journal of Pragmatics [Conversation Analytic Studies of Multimodal Interaction] 46: 139–56.
Olsher, D.
2004 “Talk and gesture: The embodied completion of sequential actions in spoken interaction.” In Second Language Conversations, ed. by R. Gardner and J. Wagner, 221–45. London: Continuum.
Pelikan, H. R. M. and M. Broth
2016 “Why that Nao? How humans adapt to a conventional humanoid robot in taking turns-at-talk.” In Proceedings of the 20 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI’16 , 4921–4932. San Jose, California, USA: Association for Computing Machinery.
Rasmussen, G.
2014 “Inclined to better understanding—The coordination of talk and “Leaning Forward” in doing repair.” Journal of Pragmatics [A body of resources – CA studies of social conduct] 65: 30–45.
Rauniomaa, M. and T. Keisanen
2012 “Two multimodal formats for responding to requests.” Journal of Pragmatics 44: 829–42.
Reed, D. J.
2015 “Relinquishing in Musical Masterclasses: Embodied action in interactional projects.” Journal of Pragmatics 89: 31–49.
Robinson, J. D.
1998 “Getting down to business talk, gaze, and body orientation during openings of doctor-patient consultations.” Human Communication Research 25: 97–123.
2009 “Gaze, questioning, and culture.” In Conversation Analysis: Comparative Perspectives, ed. by J. Sidnell, 187–249. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rossi, G.
2014 “When do people not use language to make requests?” In Requesting in Social Interaction [Studies in Language and Social Interaction (SLSI), vol. 26], ed. by P. Drew and E. Couper-Kuhlen, 303–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Sacks, H., E. A. Schegloff and G. Jefferson
1974 “A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation.” Language 50: 696.
Sahlström, J. F.
2002 “The interactional organization of Hand Raising in classroom interaction.” The Journal of Classroom Interaction 37: 47–57.
Schegloff, E. A.
1984 “On some gestures’ relation to talk.” In Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis, ed. by J. M. Atkinson and J. Heritage, 266–96. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schegloff, E. A.
1996 “Turn organization: One intersection of grammar and interaction.” In Interaction and Grammar, ed. by E. Ochs, E. A. Schegloff and S. A. Thompson, 52–133. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schegloff, E. A.
1998 “Body Torque.” Social Research 65: 535–96.
Schegloff, E. A.
2007Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Conversation Analysis I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Seo, M.-S. and I. Koshik
2010 “A Conversation Analytic study of gestures that engender repair in ESL conversational tutoring.” Journal of Pragmatics [Face in Interaction] 42: 2219–39.
Sidnell, J.
2006 “Coordinating gesture, talk, and gaze in reenactments.” Research on Language and Social Interaction39: 377–409.
Sidnell, J.
2010Conversation Analysis: An Introduction. London: Wiley-Blackwell.
Sikveland, R. O. and R. Ogden
2012 “Holding gestures across turns: Moments to generate shared understanding.” Gesture 12: 166–99.
Sinclair, J. and R. M. Coulthard
1975Towards an Analysis of Discourse: The English Used by Teachers and Pupils. London: Oxford University Press.
Sorjonen, M.-L. and L. Raevaara
2014 “On the grammatical form of requests at the convenience store.” In Requesting in Social Interaction [Studies in Language and Social Interaction (SLSI), vol. 26], ed. by P. Drew and E. Couper-Kuhlen, 243–68. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Stivers, T.
2008 “Stance, alignment, and affiliation during storytelling: When nodding is a token of affiliation.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 41: 31–57.
Stivers, T. and F. Rossano
2010 “Mobilizing response.” Research on Language & Social Interaction 43: 3–31.
2003 “The body taken for granted: Lingering dualism in research on social interaction.” In Studies in Language and Social Interaction: In Honor of Robert Hopper [LEA’s Communication Series], ed. by P. J. Glenn, C. D. LeBaron, J. S. Mandelbaum and R. Hopper, 427–40. Mahwah, N.J: Erlbaum.
Streeck, J.
2009Gesturecraft: The Manu-Facture of Meaning. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Streeck, J.
2019 “Gesture research.” In Handbook of Pragmatics 22: 3–30. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Streeck, J., C. Goodwin and C. LeBaron
(eds)2011Embodied Interaction: Language and Body in the Material World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Streeck, J. and U. Hartge
1992 “Previews: Gestures at the transition place.” In The Contextualization of Language, ed. by P. Auer and A. D. Luzio, 135–57. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.
Streeck, J. and J. S. Jordan
2009 “Projection and anticipation: The forward-looking nature of embodied communication.” Discourse Processes 46: 93–102.
Stukenbrock, A.
2014 “Take the words out of my mouth: Verbal instructions as embodied practices.” Journal of Pragmatics [A body of resources – CA studies of social conduct] 65: 80–102.
Tulbert, E. and M. H. Goodwin
2011 “Choreographies of attention: Multimodality in a routine family activity.” In Embodied Interaction: Language and Body in the Material World, ed. by J. Streeck, C. Goodwin and C. LeBaron, 79–92. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
vom Lehn, D.
2013 “Withdrawing from exhibits: The interactional organization of museum visits.” In Interaction and Mobility: Language and the Body in Motion, ed. by P. Haddington, L. Mondada and M. Nevile, 65–90. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Walker, G.
2012 “Coordination and interpretation of vocal and visible resources: “Trail-off” conjunctions.” Language and Speech 55: 141–63.
Walsh, S.
2011Exploring Classroom Discourse: Language in Action. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis.
Weiss, C.
2018 “When gaze-selected next speakers do not take the turn.” Journal of Pragmatics 133: 28–44.