The term applied linguistics (AL) has been given a wide range of interpretations (Corder 1973; Crystal 1981; Trudgill 1984; Kaplan 1990; Sridhar 1993; James 1993). The traditional and most widespread use of the term is also the narrowest one, restricting AL to the application of linguistic research to mother tongue education and to the teaching and learning of foreign and second languages. According to this interpretation, the central issues are language acquisition and learning, testing, error analysis, and teaching methodology and technology.
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