The distinction between the syntax and semantics of any language in general, and any formal (logical) language in particular, is fundamentally a distinction between two ways of talking about the same language. Semiotics, which considers languages as systems of symbols or signs distinguishes three different functions which these signs may have, or three kinds of relations in which these symbols may enter.

References

Gabay, D. & F. Guenthner

(eds.) 1983 89 Handbook of philosophical logic vols. 1 4 Reidel & Kluwer

McCawley, J. D.

1981 Everything that Linguists have always wanted to know about Logic. University of Chicago Press.

Partee, B

et al. (eds.) 1990 Mathematical Methods in linguistics. Kluwer.

Tarski, A.

1944 The semantic Conception of Truth. Philosophy and phenomenological Research 4: 341–375.

Vergauwen, R.

1993 A metalogical theory of reference. University Press of America.