Contemporary research on translation history in early republican Turkey is marked by a focus on the activities of the Translation Bureau at the expense of other publishers which operated in various fields of translated literature. The author challenges this focus and sets out to reveal the complex and diversified nature of the system of translated literature in the first decades of the republic. The study is carried out on two levels: on the broad level, the dissertation investigates the implications of the political transformation experienced in Turkey after the proclamation of the Republic for the cultural and literary fields, including the field of translated literature. On a more specific level, it holds translation under special focus and explores the discourse formed on translation and translators in speeches, articles, prefaces and books concentrating on such issues as the functions and definitions of translation (strategies) and the translator's visibility.