This article is based on the language research perspective of construction grammar “use case model”. Based on the accumulation of use cases, it provides a partial analysis of “not... and...”, clarifies the logical relationship between the “and” connecting components and their negation and negation relationship with “not”, and derives eight construction meanings to correct mistranslations and analyze the causes of errors in English translation. When translating this construction, it is important to identify the relationship between the components connected by ‘and’ and their relationship with ‘not’, and determine their exact meaning based on the corresponding relationship and context.