Naming rights sponsorship in Europe: Fan reactions to stadium renamings in the Premier League, Bundesliga and Ligue 1
CorneliaGerhardt,BenClarke & JustinLecarpentier
1Saarland University | 2University of Gothenburg |
Independent researcher
Abstract
Football stadiums have traditionally been named after local sites (e.g. Goodison Park, Everton
FC) or regions (Ruhrstadion, VfL Bochum). As big business takes increasing precedence in decision making in
football at large (e.g. associations and leagues, regarding fixtures, media coverage, kick-off times, player transfers, etc.) and
within individual football clubs (e.g. regarding kits and sponsorship), such toponyms are more and more being replaced by company
or product names (e.g. bet365 Stadium, Stoke City). In this paper, we will consider corporate renamings from the
German Bundesliga, the English Premier League and the French Ligue 1 and particularly fan reactions to controversial, badly
received corporate renamings. As revealed by earlier studies, in our data here we also find the discourse and practices of the
fans celebrating local identification with their city or region, often with the stadiums constituting the homestead of a
tradition. Where corporate stadium renamings are badly received, this discourse clashes with the discourse of big business and
thus a number of tensions are revealed. More specifically, in fans’ reactions to controversial corporate stadium renamings, we
find a number of recurrent themes – for example, concerning consequences to fans’ identity to the club; in managing (anticipated)
humorous retorts from rivals consequent from the stadium renaming; in resisting, but also feeling resigned to, financial pressures
in selling the stadium name; etc. – some of them across our three national contexts and others specific to one national
context.
Applied linguistics is oriented towards practical problems that include a linguistic dimension. In line with this general
thrust, this paper attempts to describe linguistic issues surfacing in the renaming of football stadiums in the framework of naming
rights sponsorship. According to a recent report by a financial consultancy, 80% of German Bundesliga clubs, 30% of English Premier
League clubs and 20% of French Ligue 1 clubs have contracts for naming rights sponsoring (Duff
& Phelps, 2019, p. 2; cf. also KPMG, 2020 for more numbers from European
leagues). These high stakes financial transactions are struck with a view to marketing and economic considerations, but linguistics
can offer some important insights by considering fan reactions to past deals.
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