This article analyzes, in its main part, the lexicographical work of Esteban Pichardo (1799–1879) who published four editions (1836, 1849, 1862, and 1875) of a dictionary of Cuban vocabulary. The first two editions were titled Diccionario provincial de vozes cubanas, the last two had the expression ‘casi-razonado’ inserted on the title page. Each new edition included a larger number of lexical entries, corrections and revisions, and other minor changes especially in the ‘Prologues’. Pichardo’s dictionary is the first lexicograpic work of dialects of Spanish, and even today it is considered the best book available on the vocabulary of a Spanish American country. The article also studies the relationship between Pichardo’s work to the period immediately preceeding it, the ‘Age of Enlightenment’, as well as with two other minor contemporary works (vocabulary lists rather than dictionaries) that also that also deal with Cuban Spanish vocabulary. These latter works are José García de Arboleya’s (d.1876) Manual de la Isla de Cuba: Compendio de su historia, geografía estadistica y administración of 1859, and Antonio López Matoso’s (1761–c.1824) Viaje de Perico Ligero al pais de los moros, which was completed by about 1820, but not published until 1972.