Modèles en traductologie

Andrew Chesterman
Université d’Helsinki
Traduction par Yves Gambier
Université de Turku
Table des matières

Un modèle peut être défini comme une sorte de théorie empirique qui vise à montrer une forme de relation isomorphe avec son objet. Il offre une représentation simplifiée de ce que l’on considère comme les caractéristiques essentielles de l’objet. Les bons modèles décrivent non seulement leur objet avec précision, mais intègrent ou génèrent aussi des explications et des prédictions possibles qui peuvent être testées. Comme bon exemple de modèle prédictif puissant, on peut citer celui de Mendeleïev à propos du tableau périodique des éléments chimiques, qu’il a développé vers 1870. Son tableau comportait des espaces devant être comblés, selon son modèle, par des éléments encore à découvrir — prédiction finalement réalisée, ce qui a prouvé la solidité et l’exactitude des principes explicatifs sur lesquels reposait le tableau.

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