Research in interlanguage pragmatics (ILP), which examines non-native speakers’ (NNSs) use and acquisition of L2-related speech act knowledge, tends to focus on NNSs’ pragmatic performance (Bella 2012). Despite an increasing number of studies on L2 learners’ pragmatic development, most have employed cross-sectional designs (Taguchi 2018), which compare the performance of speech acts by different learners at various stages of development. While cross-sectional studies offer insights into the development of pragmatic competence, actual pragmatic change can be observed only through longitudinal studies (Taguchi 2018), which trace the development of a given group of participants in the performance of a speech act over an extended period of time. However, the number of longitudinal studies remains small.

References

Achiba, Machiko

2003 Learning to Request in a Second Language: A Study of Child Interlanguage Pragmatics. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Al Masaeed, Khaled

2017 “Interlanguage Pragmatic Development: Internal and External Modification in L2 Arabic Requests.” Foreign Language Annals 50 (4): 808–820.

Barron, Anne

2003 Acquisition in Interlanguage Pragmatics: Learning How to Do Things with Words in a Study Abroad Context. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Bella, Spyridoula

2012 “Pragmatic Development in a Foreign Language: A Study of Greek FL Requests.” Journal of Pragmatics 44: 1917–1947.

Bialystok, Ellen

1993 “Symbolic Representation and Attentional Control in Pragmatic Competence.” In Interlanguage Pragmatics, ed. by Gabriele Kasper, and Shoshana Blum-Kulka, 43–59. New York: Oxford University Press.

Blum-Kulka, Shoshana, Juliane House, and Gabriele Kasper

(eds) 1989 Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Brown, Penelope, and Stephen Levinson

1987 Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ellis, Rod

1992 “Learning to Communicate in the Classroom: A Study of Two Language Learners’ Requests.” Studies in Second Language Acquisition 14 (1): 1–23.

Faerch, Claus, and Gabriele Kasper

1989 “Internal and External Modification in Interlanguage Request Realization.” In Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies, ed. by Shoshana Blum-Kulka, Juliane House, and Gabriele Kasper, 221–247. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Félix-Brasdefer, J. César

2007 “Pragmatic Development in the Spanish as a FL Classroom: A Cross-Sectional Study of Learner Requests.” Intercultural Pragmatics 4 (2): 253–286.

Göy, Elif, Deniz Zeyrek, and Bahar Otcu

2012 “Developmental Patterns in Internal Modification of Requests: A Quantitative Study on Turkish Learners of English.” In Interlanguage Request Modification, ed. by Maria Economidou-Kogetsidis, and Helen Woodfield, 51–86. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Hassall, Tim

2012 “Request Modification by Australian Learners of Indonesian.” In Interlanguage Request Modification, ed. by Maria Economidou-Kogetsidis, and Helen Woodfield, 203–242. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Hill, Thomas

1997 “The Development of Pragmatic Competence in an EFL Context.” PhD diss. Temple University.

Kasper, Gabriele

1982 “Teaching-Induced Aspects of Interlanguage Discourse.” Studies in Second Language Acquisition 4 (2): 99–113.

Kasper, Gabrielle, and Kenneth Rose

2002 Pragmatic Development in a Second Language. Oxford: Blackwell.

Lee, Cynthia

2005 “Cross-Linguistic Study on the Linguistic Expressions of Cantonese and English Requests.” Pragmatics 15 (4): 295–422.

Lee-Wong, Song Mei

1994 “Imperatives in Requests: Direct or Impolite – Observations from Chinese.” Pragmatics 4 (4): 491–515.

Li, Shuai

2014 “The Effects of Different Levels of Linguistic Proficiency on the Development of L2 Chinese Request Production during Study Abroad.” System 45: 103–116.

Li, Wei

2018 Pragmatic Transfer and Development: Evidence from EFL Learners in China. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Morkus, Nader

2018 American Learners of Arabic as a Foreign Language: The Speech Act of Refusal in Egyptian Arabic. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.

Ren, Wei

2019 “Pragmatic Development of Chinese during Study Abroad: A Cross-Sectional Study of Learner Requests.” Journal of Pragmatics 146: 137–149.

Rose, Kenneth R.

2000 “An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study of Interlanguage Pragmatic Development.” Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22 (1): 27–67.

Rose, Kenneth R.

2009 “Interlanguage Development in Hong Kong, Phase 2.” Journal of Pragmatics 41 (11): 2345–2364.

Savić, Milica

2015 “ ‘Can I Very Please Borrow it?’: Request Development in Young Norwegian EFL Learners.” Intercultural Pragmatics 12 (4): 443–480.

Schauer, Gila

2009 Interlanguage Pragmatic Development: The Study Abroad Context. London: Continuum.

Searle, John

1969 Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Su, Yunwen, and Wei Ren

2017 “Developing L2 Pragmatic Competence in Mandarin Chinese: Sequential Realization of Requests.” Foreign Language Annals 50: 433–457.

Taguchi, Naoko

2018 “Description and Explanation of Pragmatic Development: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods Research.” System 75: 23–32.

Trosborg, Anne

1995 Interlanguage Pragmatics: Requests, Complaints and Apologies. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Wen, Xiaohong

2014 “Pragmatic Development: An Exploratory Study of Requests by Learners of Chinese.” In Studies in Second Language Acquisition of Chinese, ed. by Zhaohong Han, 30–56. Bristol: Multilingual.

Woodfield, Helen

2012 “ ‘I Think Maybe I Want to Lend the Notes from You’: Development of Request Modification in Graduate Learners.” In Interlanguage Request Modification, ed. by Maria Economidou-Kogetsidis, and Helen Woodfield, 9–49. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Wu, Zhongwei

2015 Contemporary Chinese. Beijing: Sinolingua.

Zhang, Yanyin

1995 “Strategies in Chinese Requesting.” In Pragmatics of Chinese as a Native and Target Language, ed. by Gabriele Kasper, 23–68. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.