Although the Hungarian non-lexical schwa-like sound öö has been investigated extensively in the psycholinguistic and phonetic literature (e.g. Deme and Markó 2013; Gósy 2006; Gósy, Bóna, Beke and Horváth 2013; Horváth 2014), in the framework of conversation analysis, its use has only been examined thoroughly from the perspective of turn-taking. Németh (2022) has observed that in overlapping speech it can be a device to keep the floor, and by using öö at the transition-relevance place (TRP), participants may express their orientations to the turn-taking rules (cf. Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson 1974). If a speaker cannot (immediately) satisfy the normative obligation imposed on her by a first pair part, by using öö she can project a problem in providing an answer (orientation to rule 1a). A participant who self-selects, by using öö, may prevent the others from self-selecting and the previous speaker from adding a new unit to her turn (orientation to rule 1b). Furthermore, öö may help the current speaker to avoid a speakership change (orientation to rule 1c). However, öö is not only used at the transition-relevance place or in overlapping speech, but psycholinguistic and phonetic studies report the high frequency of öö “in the vicinity of speech errors” (Horváth 2014, 115). Its appearance may refer to speech planning or self-monitoring problems (Clark and Fox Tree 2002; Gósy et al. 2013). In their psycholinguistic study, Gósy, Gyarmathy, and Beke (2017) show that öö is significantly longer if the speaker needs more time for speech planning. Horváth (2010) has found that öö can appear both between two words and within a word, and it may combine with silent pauses in various ways. These findings make it reasonable to explore the occurrence of öö in conversational repair phenomena in the framework of conversation analysis as well.

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