Disentangling cognitive and emotional load in interpreting: Multimodal evidence from physiological, acoustic, and self-report measures

Alper Kumcu and Duygu Duman
Hacettepe University | Bilkent University

This study employs a multimodal approach to investigate how emotional and cognitive load differentially impact interpreter stress. Twenty student interpreters consecutively interpreted four Turkish-to-English mental healthcare narratives of varying emotionality and difficulty, constructed using a 2×2 factorial design. Stress responses were measured using galvanic skin response (GSR), voice parameters (pitch and voice intensity), and self-report scales (PANAS, STAI, and NASA-TLX). Stimuli were normed for emotional valence and linguistic complexity using readability indices, expert ratings, and natural language processing (NLP) tools. Results showed that primarily cognitive load drove GSR arousal, particularly during later interpreting stages, whereas emotional load was reflected in pitch and self-reported negative affect. A pitch convergence between speaker and interpreter also emerged. None of the stress indicators predicted interpreting accuracy, suggesting a possible role for individual coping strategies.

Publication history

Date received: 17 July 2025

Date accepted: 12 October 2026

Table of contents

Stress is widely regarded as one of the most critical predictors of an interpreter’s well-being and performance. Data from surveys and field interviews (Daly and Chovaz 2020; Simms et al. 2021; Walczyński 2021) have repeatedly shown that community interpreting, especially healthcare interpreting, involves the most challenging communication scenarios, testing interpreters’ resilience (Park et al. 2017). Consequently, community interpreters are particularly susceptible to vicarious traumatisation, which can lead to long-term psychological effects such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and burnout (Kindermann et al. 2017); negative feelings such as being overwhelmed, experiencing guilt, and feeling lonely and uncomfortable (Hancox et al. 2023); and adverse occupational outcomes such as absenteeism and high staff turnover (Lai and Heydon 2015; Delizée et al. 2024). Against this backdrop, the present study sought to explore stress, its origins, and its manifestations in consecutive interpreting (CI). Participants consecutively interpreted four narratives about mental healthcare from their L1 to L2, varying in cognitive and emotional intensity. Their skin responses and speech outputs were recorded while they performed the task. They self-reported their affect after the tasks, and we analysed their performance in interpreting.

Funding

Open Access publication of this article was funded through a Transformative Agreement with Bilkent University.

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Address for correspondence

Duygu Duman

Department of Translation and Interpreting

İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University

Main Campus, LC Building

Üniversiteler Neighbourhood, Bilkent 8th Avenue

06800 ANKARA

Türkiye

[email protected]
ORCiD logo with linkhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3120-0577

Co-author information

Alper Kumcu
Hacettepe University
[email protected]
ORCiD logo with linkhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0844-3562
 
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