References

Ahrend, Evelyn R
1934Ontario speech. American Speech 9: 136139. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Alexander, Henry
1939Charting Canadian speech. Journal of Education (Nova Scotia) 10: 457458.Google Scholar
1951The English language in Canada. In Royal Commission Studies, “Massey Report”, 1324. Ottawa: King’s Printer.Google Scholar
Allen, Harold B
1973–76The Linguistic Atlas of the Upper Midwest, 3 Vols. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
1959Canadian-American differences along the middle border. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 5: 1724.Google Scholar
Allen, Harold B. & Linn, Michael D
(eds.) 1986Dialect and Language Variation. Orlando FL: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Altendorf, Ulrike
2003‘Estuary English’: Levelling at the interface of RP and Southeastern British English. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Ammon, Ulrich
1995Die deutsche Sprache in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz: Das Problem der nationalen Varietäten. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
American Heritage Dictionary
20004th edn. Boston MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.Google Scholar
Anderwald, Lieselotte & Kortmann, Bernd
2013Applying typological methods in dialectology. In Research Methods in Language Variation and Change, Manfred Krug & Julia Schlüter (eds), 313333. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Atwood, E. Bagby
1986 [1963]The methods of American Dialectology. In Allen & Linn (eds), 6397.Google Scholar
1962The Regional Vocabulary of Texas. Austin TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Auer, Anita, Catharina Peersman, Simon Pickl, Gijsbert Rutten & Rik Vosters
2015Historical sociolinguistics: the field and its future. Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 1: 112. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Auer, Peter & Schmidt, Jürgen Erich
(eds) 2010Language and Space: An International Handbook of Linguistic Variation [Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft 30], 2 Vols. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Auer, Peter, (ed.-in-chief), Hilpert, Martin, Stukenbrock, Anja & Szmrecsanyi, Benedikt
(eds). 2013Space in Language and Linguistics: Geographical, Interactional and Cognitive Perspectives. Berlin: De Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Avis, Walter S., Crate, Charles, Drysdale, Patrick, Leechman, Douglas, Scargill, Matthew H. & Lovell, Charles J
(eds) 1967Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles. Toronto: Gage.Google Scholar
Avis, Walter S
1954Speech differences along the Ontario-United States border, I: Vocabulary. Journal of the Canadian Linguistic Association 1(1, Oct.): 1318.Google Scholar
1955Speech differences along the Ontario-United States border, II: Grammar and syntax. Journal of the Canadian Linguistic Association 1(1, Mar.): 1419.Google Scholar
1956Speech differences along the Ontario-United States border, III: Pronunciation. Journal of the Canadian Linguistic Association 1(1, Mar.): 4159.Google Scholar
1972So Eh? is Canadian, Eh? Canadian Journal of Linguistics 17(2): 89104.Google Scholar
1973The English language in Canada. In Current Trends in Linguistics. Vol. 10/1, Thomas Sebeok (ed.), 4074. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Avis, Walter S., Crate, Charles, Drysdale, Patrick, Leechman, Douglas, Scargill, Matthew H. & Lovell, Charles J
(eds) 1967A Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles. Toronto: Gage.Google Scholar
Ayearst, Morley
1939A note on Canadian speech. American Speech 14: 231233. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Baayen, R. Harald
2008Analyzing Linguistic Data: A Practical Introduction to Statistics using R. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Babbit, Eugene H. & Mott, Lewis F
1896The 1894 Circular. Dialect Notes 1/VII: 311314.Google Scholar
Baker, Paul
2010Sociolinguistics and Corpus Linguistics. Edinburgh: EUP.Google Scholar
2013Corpus linguistics in sociolinguistics. In Holmes & Hazen (eds), Research Methods in Sociolinguistics: A Practical Guide, 107118.Google Scholar
Bailey, Richard W. & Görlach, Manfred
(eds) 1982English as a World Language. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Bailey, Guy & Tillery, Jan
1999The Routledge effect: The impact of interviewers on survey results in linguistics. American Speech 74(4): 389402.Google Scholar
Bamgbose, Ayo
1998Torn between the norms: Innovations in World Englishes. World Englishes 17(1): 114. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bank of Canadian English
= see Dollinger et al. 2006.Bank of Canadian English,
Barber, Katherine
2004 [1st ed. 1998]Canadian Oxford Dictionary. 2nd ed. Don Mills ON: OUP.Google Scholar
Bard, Ellen, Robertson, Dan & Sorace, Antonella
1996Magnitude estimation of linguistic acceptability. Language 72: 131. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Barbiers, Sjef, Cornips, Leonie & van der Kleij, Susanne
(eds) 2002Syntactic Microvariation. Amsterdam: Meertens Instituut.Google Scholar
(eds) 2004Syntactische Atlas van den Nederlandse Dialecten. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar
Bart, Gabriela, Glaser, Elvira, Sibler, Pius & Weibel, Robert
2013Analysis of Swiss German syntactic variants using spatial statistics. In Current Approaches to Limits and Areas in Dialectology, Xosé Afonso Álvarez Pérez, Ernestina Carrilho & Catarina Magro (eds), 143169. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.Google Scholar
Bauer, Laurie
1998You shouldn’t say ‘It is me’ because ‘me’ is accusative. In Language Myths, Laurie Bauer & Peter Trudgill (eds), 132138. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Becker, Kara
2013The sociolinguistic interview. In Mallinson, Childs & Van Herk (eds), Data Collection in Sociolinguistics: Methods and Applications, 91100.Google Scholar
Beebe, Leslie M. & Cummings, Martha Clark
1996Natural speech act data versus written questionnaire data: How data collection method affects speech act performance. In Speech Acts across Cultures: Challenges to Communication in a Second Language, Susan Gass & Joyce Neu (eds), 6586. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Berger, Christine Maria
2005The dialect topography of Canada: Method, coverage, interface and analyses. MA thesis, University of Vienna.
Biber, Douglas, Johansson, Stig, Leech, Geoffrey, Conrad, Susan & Finegan, Edward
1999Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Pearson.Google Scholar
Blommaert, Jan
2008Grassroots Literacy: Writing, identity and Voice in Central Africa. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
2010The Sociolinguistics of Globalization. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bloomfield, Morton W
1948Canadian English and its relation to eighteenth century American speech. Journal of English and Germanic Philology 47: 5966 [reprinted in Chambers (ed.) (1975), 3–11].Google Scholar
Boberg, Charles
2000Geolinguistic diffusion and the U.S.-Canada border. Language Variation and Change 12: 124. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2004aReal and apparent time in language change: Late adoption of changes in Montreal English. American Speech 79(3): 25069. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2004bEthnic patterns in the phonetics of Montreal English. Journal of Sociolinguistics 8(4): 538568. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2004cThe dialect topography of Montreal. English World-Wide 25: 171198. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2005The North American Regional Vocabulary Survey: New variables and methods in the study of North American English. American Speech 80: 2260. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2008aRegional phonetic differentiation in Standard Canadian English. Journal of English Linguistics 36(2): 129154. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2008bEnglish in Canada: Phonology. In Varieties of English, Vol 2: The Americas and the Caribbean, Edgar W. Schneider (ed.), 14460. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
2009The emergence of a new phoneme: Foreign (a) in Canadian English. Language Variation and Change 21: 355380. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2010The English Language in Canada: Status, History and Comparative Analysis. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2012English as a minority language. World Englishes 31(4): 493502. Special Issue on Autonomy and Homogeneity in Canadian English . DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2013The use of written questionnaires in sociolinguistics. In Mallinson, Childs & Van Herk (eds), 131141.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre
1991Language & Symbolic Power. Ed. by John B. Thompson, trans. by Gino Raymond & Matthew Adamson. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bourhis, Richard Y., Giles, Howard & Rosenthal, Doreen
1981Notes on construction of a ‘Subjective Vitality Questionnaire’ for ethnolinguistic groups. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 2: 145155. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bremer, Otto
1895Beiträge zur Geographie der deutschen Mundarten in Form einer Kritik von Wenkers Sprachatlas des Deutschen Reiches. Leipzig: S. Hirschel.Google Scholar
Brinton, Laurel
In press. Using historical corpora and historical text databases. In The Handbook of Lexicography, Philip Durkin (ed.) Oxford Oxford University Press
Bright, Elizabeth
1971A Word Geography of California and Nevada. Berkeley CT: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Britain, David
1991Dialect and space: A geolinguistic study of speech variables in the Fens. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Essex.
2002Space and spatial diffusion. In The Handbook of Language Variation and Change, Jack K. Chambers, Peter Trudgill & Natalie Schilling-Estes (eds), 603637. Malden MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
2010aConceptualizations of geographic space in linguistics. In Auer & Schmidt (eds), Vol. 2: Language and Space: An International Handbook of Linguistic Variation, 6997. DOI logo
2010bLanguage and space: The variationist approach. In Auer & Schmidt (eds.), Vol. 1: Language and Space: An International Handbook of Linguistic Variation, 142163.
Brown, James Dean
2001Using Surveys in Language Programs. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
Buchstaller, Isabelle & Corrigan, Karen P
2011How to make intuitions succeed: Testing methods for analyzing syntactic microvariation. In Maguire & McMahon (eds), Analysing Variation in English, 3048. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Buchstaller, Isabelle, Corrigan, Karen P., Holmberg, Anders, Honeybone, Patrick & Maguire, Warren
2013T-to-R and the Northern Subject Rule: Questionnaire-based spatial, social and structural linguistics. English Language and Linguistics 17: 85128. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Burchfield, Robert W
1996The New Fowler’s Modern English Usage. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Burnett, Wendy
2006Linguistic resistance on the Maine-New Brunswick border. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 51(2-3): 16176. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Calvet, Louis-Jean
2006Towards an Ecology of World Languages. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Cameron, Deborah
2003Gender and language ideologies. In The Handbook of Language and Gender, ed. by Janet Holmes and Miriam Meyerhoff, 447467. Malden, MA: Blackwell. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Canadian Oxford Dictionary
. See Barber (2004).Google Scholar
Campbell-Kibler, Kathryn
2007Accent, (ING) and the social logic of listener perceptions. American Speech 82: 3264. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Carden, Guy
1970Discussion of Heringer 1970. In Papers from the Sixth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 296. Chicago IL: Chicago Linguistic Society.Google Scholar
1973Dialect variation and abstract syntax. In Roger W. Shuy (ed.). Some New Directions in Linguistics, 134. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
1976Syntactic and semantic data: replication results. Language in Society 5(1): 99104. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cassidy, Frederic G
1948On collecting American dialect. American Speech 23: 185193. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1985Introduction. Dictionary of American Regional English, Vol. I: Introduction and A-C, xixxii. Cambridge MA: Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Cassidy, Frederic G. & Duckert, Audrey R
1953A Method for Collecting Dialect. Gainesville FL: American Dialect Society.Google Scholar
Cassidy, Frederick G. & Houston Hall, Joan
(eds). 1985–2013Dictionary of American Regional English, Vols I–VI. Cambridge MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Chambers, Jack K
1973Canadian Raising. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 18(2): 113135.Google Scholar
Chambers, J.K
(ed.) 1975Canadian English: Origins and Structures. Toronto: Methuen.Google Scholar
Chambers, Jack K
1979Canadian English. In The Languages of Canada [Série 3L Series 3], Jack K. Chambers (ed.), 168204. Montréal: Didier.Google Scholar
1980Linguistic variation and Chomsky’s ‘homogeneous speech community’. In Papers from the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Atlantic Provinces Linguistic Association. University of New Brunswick, Frederickton, N.B., 12–13 December 1980, A. Murray Kinloch & Anthony B. House (eds), 131. Frederickton: University of New Brunswick.Google Scholar
1991Canada. In English Around the World. Social Perspectives, Jenny Cheshire (ed.), 89107. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1993‘Lawless and vulgar innovations’: Victorian views on Canadian English. In Sandra Clarke (ed.), Focus on Canada, 126. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1994An introduction to dialect topography. English World-Wide 15: 3553. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1995The Canada-U.S. border as a vanishing isogloss: The evidence of chesterfield. Journal of English Linguistics 23: 155166. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1998aInferring dialect from a postal questionnaire. Journal of English Linguistics 26: 222246. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1998bSocial embedding of changes in progress. Journal of English Linguistics 26(1): 536. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1998cEnglish: Canadian varieties. In Language in Canada, John Edwards (ed.), 252272. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2000Region and language variation. English World-Wide 21(2): 169199. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2002aPatterns of variation including change. In The Handbook of Language Variation and Change, Jack K. Chambers, Peter Trudgill & Natalie Schilling-Estes (eds), 349372. Malden MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
2002bYod dropping in an English accent. Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan. 6(3): 411.Google Scholar
2004‘Canadian Dainty’: The rise and decline of Briticisms in Canada. In Legacies of Colonial English. Studies in Transported Dialects, Raymond Hickey (ed.), 224241. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
2006Canadian Raising Retrospect and Prospect. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 51(2-3): 105118. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2007A linguistic fossil: positive any more in the Golden Horseshoe. In LACUS Forum XXXIII: Variation, Peter Reich, William J. Sullivan, Arle R. Lommel & Toby Griffen (eds), 3144. Houston TX: Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States.Google Scholar
2008The Tangled Garden: Relics and vestiges in Canadian English. Anglistik 19: 721. Special issue Focus on Canadian English, Matthias Meyer (ed.).Google Scholar
2009Sociolinguistic Theory, 3rd rev. edn. Malden MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
2010English in Canada. In Canadian English: A Linguistic Reader, Elaine Gold & Janice McAlpine (eds), 137. Kingston ON: Strathy Language Unit. http://​www​.queensu​.ca​/strathy​/apps​/OP6v2​.pdfGoogle Scholar
2012Homogeneity as a sociolinguistic motive in Canadian English. World Englishes 31(4): 467477. Special issue on Autonomy and Homogeneity in Canadian English . DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chambers, Jack K. & Trudgill, Peter
1998Dialectology, 2nd edn. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chambers, Jack K. & Heisler, Troy
1999Dialect topography of Québec City English. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 44(1): 2348.Google Scholar
Chambers, Jack K. & Lapierre, André
2011Dialect Variants in the Bilingual Belt. In Le français en contact. Hommages à Raymond Mougeon, France Martineau & Terrt Nadasdi (eds), 3550. Québec: Presses de l’Université Laval.Google Scholar
Chambers, Tawnie
2014On the presence of “on accident” in British Columbia. Term paper. ENGL 489, University of British Columbia.
Cheshire, Jenny
1991Introduction: Sociolinguistics and English around the world. In English Around the World: Sociolinguistic Perspectives, Jenny Cheshire (ed.), 112. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cheshire, Jenny, Kerswill, Paul, Fox, Sue & Torgersen, Eivind
2011Contact, the feature pool and the speech community: The emergence of multicultural London English. Journal of Sociolinguistics 15: 151196. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam
1965Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Clahsen, Harald, Meisel, Jürgen & Pienemann, Manfred
1983Deutsch als Zweitsprache: Der Spracherwerb ausländischer Arbeiter. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Clarke, Sandra
(ed.) 1993aFocus on Canada [Varieties of English around the World G11]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1993bThe Americanization of Canadian pronunciation: A survey of palatal glide usage. In Clarke (ed.), Focus on Canada, 85108. DOI logo
2006 Nooz or nyooz?: The complex construction of Canadian identity. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 51(2-3): 225246. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2012Phonetic change in Newfoundland English. World Englishes. Special Issue on Autonomy and Homogeneity in Canadian English 31(4): 503518.Google Scholar
Concise Oxford Dictionary
19908th edn. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Considine, John
2003Dictionaries of Canadian English. Lexikos 13: 250270.Google Scholar
Cornips, Leonie
2002Variation between the infinitival complementizers om/voor in spontaneous speech data compared to elicitation data. In Barbiers, Cornips & van der Kleij (eds), 7596.Google Scholar
CONTE = Corpus of Early Ontario English, pre-Confederation Section
1776–1850Stefan Dollinger (ed.) 2006 University of Vienna. See Dollinger (2008a: ch. 4).The Changing Face of Corpus Linguistics,
Creswell, Thomas J
1994Dictionary recognition of developing forms: The case of snuck . In Centennial Usage Studies, Greta D. Little & Michael Montgomery (eds), 14454. Tuscaloosa AL: University of Alabama Press.Google Scholar
Crystal, David
2003English as a Global Language, 2nd edn. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
DARE =
See Cassidy & Hall 1985.
Davis, Alva L
1948A Word Atlas of the Great Lakes Region. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan.
DCHP-1
. See Avis, et al. 1967.A Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles,
DCHP-1 Online
. See Dollinger et al. 2013.
DCHP-2
See Dollinger et al.. Forthcoming.
Denison, David
2003Log(ist)ic and simplistic S-curves. In Hickey (2003b), Motives for Language Change, 5470. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Derwing, Bruce L
1973Transformational Grammar as a Theory of Language Acquisition: A Study in the Empirical, Conceptual and Methodological Foundations of Contemporary Linguistics. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
De Vaus, David
1991Surveys in Social Research, 3rd edn. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
De Wolf, Gaelan Dodds & Hasebe-Ludt, Erika
1993. A linguistic atlas of British Columbia: A first for Canadian English. In Proceedings of the International Congress of Dialectologists, Bamberg 29.7.-4.8. 1990, Vol. 2, Wolfgang Viereck (ed.), 303342. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.Google Scholar
DeWolf, Gaelan Dodds, Gregg, Robert J., Harris, Barbara P. & Scargill
, Matthew H (eds.) 1997Gage Canadian Dictionary. [5th], rev. and expanded edn. Toronto: Gage.Google Scholar
Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles
, see Avis, et al. 1967 & Dollinger et al.. Forthcoming.Google Scholar
Dieth, Eugen & Orton, Harold
1952A Questionnaire for a Linguistic Atlas of England. Leeds: Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society.Google Scholar
Dillman, Don
1978Mail and Telephone Surveys: The Total Design Method. New York NY: Wiley.Google Scholar
2000Mail and Internet Surveys: The Tailored Design Method, 2nd edn. New York NY: Wiley.Google Scholar
Dollinger, Stefan
2006Oh Canada! Towards the Corpus of Early Ontario English . In The Changing Face of Corpus Linguistics ([Language and Computers 55], Antoinette Renouf & Andrew Kehoe, 725. Amsterdam: Rodopi.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2008aNew-Dialect Formation in Canada: Evidence from the English Modal Auxiliaries [Studies in Language Companion Series 97]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2008bV/N+ing + N Compounds in North American English: On the trail of the S-curve? Paper presented at ISLE-1, First Conference of the International Society for the Linguistics of English , Freiburg, Germany, 8 October 2008.
2008cTaking permissible shortcuts? Limited evidence, heuristic reasoning and the modal auxiliaries in early Canadian English. In Studies in the History of the English Language, IV: Empirical and Analytical Advances in the Study of English Language Change, Susan Fitzmaurice & Donka Minkova (eds), 357385. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2010Written sources of Canadian English: Phonetic reconstruction and the low-back vowel merger. In Varieties of English in Writing: The Written Word as Linguistic Evidence [Varieties of English around the World G41], Raymond Hickey (ed.), 197222. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2011aAcademic and public attitudes to the notion of ‘standard’ Canadian English. English Today 27(4):39. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2011bLexicology Project Manual. Version 1.3 for ENGL 320. Vancouver BC: University of British ColumbiaGoogle Scholar
2011cCanadian English: ‘Can-eh-dian,’ or, the ‘continuous short-a system. Review of Boberg, Charles. 2010. The English Language in Canada: Status, History and Comparative Analysis. Cambridge: CUP. American Speech 86(4):480489. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2012aThe western Canada-U.S. border as a linguistic boundary: The roles of L1 and L2 speakers. World Englishes 31(4): 519533. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2012bThe written questionnaire as a sociolinguistic data gathering tool: Testing its validity. Journal of English Linguistics 40(1): 74110. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2015Regional labelling and English (historical) dictionaries: Two methodological suggestions from DCHP-2. Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Approaches to English Historical Lexicography and Lexicology (Ox-Lex), Pembroke College, Oxford University, UK, 25 March. https://​www​.academia​.edu​/11561333​/Regional​_labels​_in​_English​_dictionaries​_two​_methodological​_suggestions​_from​_DCHP​-2 [19 Oct. 2015].
In press, a. National dictionaries and cultural identity: Insights from Austrian German and Canadian English. In The Handbook of Lexicography, Philip Durkin (ed.) Oxford OUP
In press, b. Towards a pluricentric cross-border approach in English linguistics: The case of take up #9. World Englishes.
Dollinger, Stefan, Brinton, Laurel & Fee, Margery
(eds) 2013DCHP-1 Online: A Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles, 1st edn. Based on Walter S. Avis, et al. 1967 <www​.dchp​.ca​/DCHP​-1Google Scholar
Dollinger, Stefan
(editor-in-chief) Forthcoming DCHP-2: The Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles 2nd edn With the assistance of Margery Fee Vancouver, BC & Gothenburg, Sweden www​.dchp​.ca
Dollinger, Stefan, Brinton, Laurel & Fee, Margery
(eds) 2006– Bank of Canadian English. Online resource. www​.dchp​.caGoogle Scholar
Dollinger, Stefan & Clarke, Sandra
(eds) 2012Special issue on Autonomy and Homogeneity in Canadian English. World Englishes 31(4): 449548. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dörnyei, Zoltán
2003Questionnaires in Second Language Reserach: Construction, Administration, and Processing. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Dörnyei, Zoltán, Csizér, Kata & Németh, Nóra
2006Motivation, Language Attitudes and Globalisation: A Hungarian Perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Easson, Gordon
2000Cross-border effects of education on ‘correct’ speech. Toronto Working Paper in Linguistics 18: 1120.Google Scholar
Eckert, Penelope
1989The whole woman: Sex and gender differences in variation. Language Variation and Change 1: 245267. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2000Linguistic Variation as Social Practice. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
2008Variation and the indexical field. Journal of Sociolinguistics 12: 453476. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2011Language and power in the preadolescent heterosexual market. American Speech 86(1): 8597. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2012Three waves of variation study: The emergence of meaning in the study of sociolinguistic variation. Annual Review of Anthropology 41: 87100. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ellegård, Alvar
1953The Auxiliary ‘do’: The Establishment and Regularization of its Use in English. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.Google Scholar
Ellemers, Naomi
2010Social identity theory. In Encyclopedia of Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, John M. Levine & Michael A. Hogg (eds), 798802. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Ellis, Alexander J
1869–89On Early English Pronunciation. Parts I–V. London: Trübner.Google Scholar
Elspaß, Stephan
2005Zum Wandel im Gebrauch regionalsprachlicher Lexik: Ergebnisse einer Neuerhebung. Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik 72: 151.Google Scholar
Elspaß, Stephan & Möller, Robert
2003– Atlas zur deutschen Alltagssprache. Salzburg & Liège. http://​www​.atlas​-alltagssprache​.de/ [2 May 2015].Google Scholar
Emenau, Murray B
1935The dialect of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. Language 11: 140147. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Extra, Guus & Yagmur, Kutlay
2004Urban Multilingualism in Europe. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Fairclough, Norman
2006Language and Globalization. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Fee, Margery & McAlpine, Janice
2007Guide to Canadian English Usage, 2nd edn. Don Mills ON: OUP.Google Scholar
Fillmore, Charles
1992‘Corpus linguistics’ or ‘Computer-aided armchair linguistics’. In Directions in Corpus Linguistics, Jan Svartvik (ed.), 3560. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Francis, W. Nelson
1983Dialectology: An Introduction. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Fries, Charles C
1925The periphrastic future with shall and will in Modern English. PMLA 40: 9631024. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fuller, Janet M
2005The uses and meanings of the female title Ms. American Speech 80: 180206. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gage Canadian Dictionary
. See de Wolf, et al. 1997.Google Scholar
Gallinsky, Hans
1952Die Sprache des Amerikaners, Vol. 2: Wortschatz und Wortbildung. Heidelberg: Kerle.Google Scholar
Garner, Bryan A
2003Garner’s Modern American Usage. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Geikie, Rev. A. Constable
2010 [1857]Canadian English. In Canadian English: A Linguistic Reader, Elaine Gold & Janice McAlpine (eds), 4454. Kingston ON: Strathy Language Unit. http://​www​.queensu​.ca​/strathy​/apps​/OP6v2​.pdfGoogle Scholar
Giles, Howard & Billings, Andrew
2004Assessing language attitudes: speaker evaluation studies. In The Handbook of Applied Linguistics, Alan Davies & Catherine Elder (eds), 187209. Malden MA: Blackwell. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gilliéron, Jules & Edmont, Edmond
1902–1910Atlas linguistique de la France, 9 Vols. Paris: Champion.Google Scholar
Gillham, Bill
2007Developing a Questionnaire, 2nd edn. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Glaser, Elvira
2000Erhebungsmethoden dialektaler Syntax. In Dialektologie zwischen Tradition und Neuansätzen: Beiträge der internationalen Dialektologentagung, Göttingen, 19.-21. Oktober 1998, Dieter Stellmacher (ed.), 25876. Stuttgart: Steiner.Google Scholar
2008Syntaktische Raumbilder. In Dialektgeographie der Zukunft: Akten des 2. Kongresses der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Dialektologie des Deutschen (IDGG), Franz Patocka & Peter Ernst (eds), 85111. Stuttgart: Steiner.Google Scholar
Gold, David L
1969Frying pan versus frypan: A trend in English compounds? American Speech 44: 299302. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gold, Elaine
2008Canadian Eh? From Eh to Zed. Anglistik 19(2): 141156.Google Scholar
Gordon, Elizabeth & Lewis, Gillian
1998New-dialect formation and Southern Hemisphere English: The New Zealand short front vowels. Journal of Sociolinguistics 2(1): 3551. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Görlach, Manfred
1994Garbage in, rubbish out, or, how far can methods of traditional dialectology be applied to a world language? In Proceedings of the International Congress of Dialectologists, Bamberg 29.7.-4.8.1990, Vol. III, Wolfgang Viereck (ed.), 258268. Stuttgart: Steiner.Google Scholar
1995Heteronomy in International English. In More Englishes: New Studies in the Varieties of English 1988–1994 [Varieties of English around the World G13], Manfred Görlach, 93123. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Graddol, David
2007English Next: Why Global English May Mean the End of English as a Foreign Language. British Council. http://​www​.academia​.edu​/1299730​/English​_Next​_Why​_global​_English​_may​_mean​_the​_end​_of​_English​_as​_a​_Foreign​_Language [11 November 2013].Google Scholar
Greenbaum, Sidney & Quirk, Randolph
1970Elicitation Experiments in English: Linguistic Studies in Use and Attitude. Coral Gables FL: University of Miami Press.Google Scholar
Gregg, Robert J
1957Notes on the pronunciation of Canadian English as spoken in Vancouver BC. Journal of the Canadian Linguistic Association 3: 2026.Google Scholar
1973The linguistic survey of British Columbia: The Kootenay region. In Canadian Languages in Their Social Context, Regna Darnell (ed.), 10516. Edmonton: Linguistic Research.Google Scholar
1995The survival of local lexical items as specific markers in Vancouver English. Journal of English Linguistics 23(1-2): 184194. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2004 [1984]The Survey of Vancouver English. A Sociolinguistic Study of Urban Canadian English [Strathy Language Unit Occasional Papers 5], Gaelan Dodds de Wolf, Margery Fee & Janice McAlpine (eds). Kingston: Queen’s University.Google Scholar
Gries, Stefan T
2009aQuantitative Corpus Linguistics with R: A Practical Introduction. New York NY: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2009bStatistics for Linguistics with R: A Practical Introduction. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Grieve, Jack, Asnaghi, Constanza & Ruette, Tom
2013Site-restricted web searches for data collection in regional dialectology. American Speech 88: 413440. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Groom, Nicholas & Littlemore, Jeannette
2011Doing Applied Linguistics: A Guide for Students. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Gulden [Halford], Brigitte K
1979Attitudinal factors in Canadian English usage. MA thesis, University of Victoria.
Haglund, C
2010Transnational identifications among adolescents in suburban Sweden. In Quist & Svendsen (eds), Multilingual Urban Scandinavia: New Linguistic Perspectives, 96110.
Hamilton, Donald E
1958Notes on Montreal English. Journal of the Canadian Linguistic Association 4(1, Spring): 7079. Reprinted in Chambers (ed.) 1975, 4654.Google Scholar
1964Standard Canadian English: Pronunciation. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Linguists. Cambridge, Mass., August 27–31, 1962, Horace G. Lunt (ed.), 456459. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Hansen, Gert Foget & Pharao, Nicolai
2010Prosody in the Copenhagen multiethnolect. In Quist & Svensdsen (eds), 7995.Google Scholar
Harnisch, Ruediger
1992Johann Andreas Schmeller zwischen universeller Lauttheorie und empirischer Dialektlautkunde. Historiographia Linguistica 19(2-3): 275300. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Harris, Barbara P
1983Handsaw or harlot? Some problem etymologies in the lexicon of Chinook Jargon. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 28(1): 2532.Google Scholar
Harris, Robin S. & Harris, Terry G
(eds) 1994The Eldon House Diaries: Five Women’s Views of the 19th Century. Toronto: The Champlain Society.Google Scholar
Hempl, George
1896aAmerican speech-maps. Dialect Notes 1(VII): 315318.Google Scholar
1896bGrease and greasy. Dialect Notes 1(IX): 438444.Google Scholar
Hernández-Campoy, Juan Manuel & Conde-Silvestre, Juan Camilo
(eds) 2012The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics. Malden MA: Wiley-Blackwell. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hickey, Raymond
2003aHow do dialects get the features they have? On the process of new dialect formation. In Hickey (2003b), Motives for Language Change, 213329. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(ed.) 2003bMotives for Language Change. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hinrichs, Lars
2014Diasporic mixing of World Englishes: The case of Jamaican Creole in Toronto. In The Variability of Current World Englishes, Eugene Green & Charles Meyer (eds), 169194. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Hiorta, Tomoharu
2014The split negative infinitive on the move: A study based on BC linguistic survey 2014. M.A. term paper. ENGL 489, University of British Columbia.
Hoffman, Michol F
2010The role of social factors in the Canadian Vowel Shift: Evidence from Toronto. American Speech 85(2): 121140. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, Michol F. & James A. Walker
2010Ethnolects and the city: Ethnic orientation and linguistic variation in Toronto English. Language Variation and Change 22: 3767. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hoffmann, Thomas
2006Corpora and introspection as corroborating evidence: The case of preposition placement in the English relative clause. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 2(2): 165195. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Holm, Kurt
(ed.) 1998Die Befragung (The Opinion-Gathering Process), 6 Vols, 4th edn. Stuttgart: UTB Taschenbuch.Google Scholar
Holmes, Janet & Hazen, Kirk
(eds) 2013Research Methods in Sociolinguistics: A Practical Guide. Somerset NJ: Wiley Blackwell.Google Scholar
Huddleston, Rodney and Geoffrey Pullum
2002The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hufeisen, Britta & Marx, Nicole
(eds) 2007EuroComGerm – Die Sieben Siebe. Germanische Sprachen lesen lernen. Aachen: Shaker.Google Scholar
Hung, Marietta, Davison, John & Chambers, Jack K
1993Comparative sociolinguistics of (aw)-Fronting. In Clarke (ed.), Focus on Canada, 24767. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hüttner, Julia & Kidd, Sophie
2000Reconstructing or demolishing the “Sprechpraktikum” – A reply to Daniel Spichtinger From anglocentrism to TEIL: reflections on our English programme. VIEWS 9(2): 7578. https://​anglistik​.univie​.ac​.at​/research​/views​/archive/Google Scholar
Ireland, Robert J
1979Canadian Spelling. An Empirical and Historical Survey of Selected Words. PhD dissertation, York University, Ontario.
Jaberg, Karl & Jud, Jakob
1928–1940Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz, Vol.1–8. Bern: Zofingen.Google Scholar
Jenkins, Jennifer
2000The Phonology of English as an International Language: New Models, New Norms, New Goals. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
2007English as a Lingua Franca: Attitude and Identity. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
2009World Englishes: A Students’ Guide, 2nd edn. New York NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
2015Global Englishes: A Resource Book for Students, 3rd edn. New York NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Johannessen, Janne Bondi, Vangsnes, Øystein A., Laake, Signe, Lindstad, Arne Martinus & Åfarli, Tor A
2010The Nordic Dialect Corpus and Database: Methodological challenges in collecting data. In Proceedings of Methods XIII: Papers from the Thirteenth International Conference on Methods in Dialectology, 2008, Barry Heselwood & Clive Upton (eds), 113122. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Johnson, Daniel Ezra
2014Rbrul. Version 2.24. (14 Aug. 2014) http://​www​.danielezrajohnson​.com​/rbrul​.html
Johnson, Ellen
1996Lexical Change and Variation in the Southeastern United States 1930–1990. Tuscaloosa AL: University of Alabama Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, Keith
2008Quantitative Methods in Linguistics. Malden MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Johnstone, Barbara & Kiesling, Scott F
2008Indexicality and experience: Exploring the meanings of /aw/-monophthongization in Pittsburgh. Journal of Sociolinguistics 12: 533. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kachru, Braj
(ed.). 1983The Other Tongue: English Across Cultures. Oxford: Pergamon.Google Scholar
1985Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the Outer Circle. In English in the World: Teaching and Learning of Language and Literature, Randolph Quirk & Henry G. Widdowson (eds), 1136. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Janice
2010The iPhone’s assault on the English language. Vancouver Sun 13 Apr 2010, A15.Google Scholar
Kerswill, Paul
2002Koineization and accommodation. In The Handbook of Language Variation and Change, Jack K. Chambers, Peter Trudgill & Natalie Schilling-Estes (eds), 669702. Malden MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Kerswill, Paul, Llamas, Carmen & Upton Clive
1999The First SuRE [sic] Moves: Early steps towards a large dialect project. Leeds Studies in English n.s. 30: 257269.Google Scholar
Kerswill, Paul and Ann Williams
2000Creating a New Town Koine: children and language change in Milton Keynes. Language in Society 29(1): 65115. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kirwin, William
2012The background of dialect questionnaires in English Department Research: an internal report. Regional Language Studies…Newfoundland 23: 1824.Google Scholar
Kloeke, G
1952How can we co-ordinate the Linguistic Cartography of the World? Orbis 1: 130134.Google Scholar
Kortmann, Bernd & Luckenheimer, Kerstin
(eds) 2011The Electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English [eWAVE]. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. www​.ewave​-atlas​.orgGoogle Scholar
Kortmann, Bernd & Wagner, Susanne
2005The Freiburg English Dialect Project and Corpus. In A Comparative Grammar of British English Dialects: Agreement, Gender, Relative Clauses, Bernd Kortmann, Tanja Hermann, Lukas Pietsch & Susanne Wagner, 120. Berlin: De Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kortmann, Bernd, Burridge, Kate, Mesthrie, Rajend, Schneider, Edgar W. & Upton, Clive
(eds) 2004A Handbook of Varieties of English, Vol. II: Morphology and Syntax. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kostinas, Ulla-Britt
1998Language contact in Rinkeby, an immigrant suburb. In Jugendsprache, Langue de jeunes, Youth Language, Jannis K. Androutsopoulos and Arno Scholz (eds.), 125148. Frankfurt/Main: Lang.Google Scholar
Kretzschmar, William A. Jr
2009The Linguistics of Speech. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kretzschmar, William A., Jr., Childs, Becky, Anderson, Bridget & Lanehart, Sonja
2007The relevance of community language studies to HEL: The view from Roswell. In Managing Chaos: Strategies for Identifying Change in English [Studies in the History of the English Language 3], Christopher Cain & Geoffrey Russom (eds), 173186. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Krug, Manfred & Sell, Katrin
2013Designing and conducting interviews and questionnaires. In Research Methods in Language Variation and Change, Manfred Krug & Julia Schlüter (eds), 6998. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Krug, Manfred, Schlüter, Julia & Rosenbach, Annette
2013Introduction: Investigating language variation and change. In Research Methods in Language Variation and Change, Manfred Krug & Julia Schlüter (eds), 113. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Krug, Manfred, Hilbert, Michaela & Fabri�, Ray
Forthcoming. Maltese English morphosyntax: corpus-based and questionnaire-based studies; Il-Lingwa Taghna . Special issue Towards a Description of Maltese English, Alexandra Vella & Ray Fabri (eds)
Kruijsen, Joep & van der Sijs, Nicoline
2010Mapping Dutch and Flemish. In Language and Space: An International Handbook of Linguistic Variation [Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science 30.2], Vol. 2, Peter Auer & Jürgen Erich Schmidt (eds), 180202. Berlin: De Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kurath, Hans
1949A Word Geography of the Eastern United States. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
1958Review of Deutscher Wortatlas by Walther Mitzka & Ludwig Erich Schmitt. Language 34(3): 428434. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1986 [1972]The sociocultural background of dialect areas in American English. In Allen & Linn (eds), 98116.Google Scholar
Kurath, Hans & McDavid, Raven I
1961Pronunciation of English in the Atlantic States. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Kurath, Hans, et al.
1972 [1939–43]Linguistic Atlas of New England, 3 Vols. New York NY: AMS Press.Google Scholar
Kurath, Hans, Hansen, Marcus, Bloch, Julia & Bloch, Bernard
1939Handbook of the Linguistic Geography of New England. Providence RI: Brown University Press.Google Scholar
Labov, William
1963The social motivation of a sound change. Word 18: 142.Google Scholar
1972Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
1994Principles of Linguistic Change, Vol. 1: Internal Factors. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
2006 [1966]The Social Stratification of English in New York City, 2nd edn. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Labov, William, Ash, Sharon & Boberg, Charles
2006The Atlas of North American English. Phonetics, Phonology and Sound Change. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lambert, Wallace E
1967The social psychology of bilingualism. Journal of Social Issues 23: 91109. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lambert, Wallace E., Hodgson, Richard C., Gardner, Robert C. & Fillenbaum, Samuel
1960Evaluational reactions to spoken languages. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 60(1): 4451. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lamelli, Alfred
2010Linguistic atlases – traditional and modern. In Auer & Schmidt (eds), Vol. I: Language and Space: An International Handbook of Linguistic Variation, 56792. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Leitner, Gerhard
1992English as a pluricentric language. In Pluricentric Languages. Differing Norms in Different Nations, Michael Clyne (ed.), 179237. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Lighthall, W. Douw
1889Canadian English. The Week (Toronto) 16 August 1889, 581583.Google Scholar
Lillian, Donna L
1995Ms. Revisted: She’s Still a Bitch, Only Now She’s Older! Papers of the Annual Meeting of the Atlantic Provinces Linguistic Association 19: 14961.
Lim, Lisa
2011Revisiting English prosody: (some) New Englishes as tone languages? In The Typology of Asian Englishes [Benjamins Current Topics 33], Lisa Lim & Nikolas Gisborne (eds), 97118. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
LimeSurvey Project Team & Schmitz, Carsten
2012LimeSurvey: An Open Source survey tool. LimeSurvey Project Hamburg, Germany. http://​www​.limesurvey​.org
Lindstad, Arne Martinus, Nøklestad, Anders, Johannessen, Janne Bondi & Vangsnes, Øystein A
2009The Nordic Dialect Database: Mapping microsyntactic variation in the Scandinavian languages. In NODALIDA 2009 Conference Proceedings, Kristiina Jokinen & Eckhard Bick (eds), 28386.Google Scholar
Lindquist, Hans
2009Corpus Linguistics and the Description of English. Edinburgh: EUP.Google Scholar
Luick, Karl
1964[1914–40]Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache, Friedrich Wild & Herbert Koziol (eds), 2 Vols. Oxford: Blackwell.
Macaulay, Ronald K.S
1977Review of The Linguistic Atlas of Scotland: Scots Section Vol. 1 (1975) by James Y. Mather, H.H. Speitel, G.W. Leslie & I.E. Mather. Language 53(1): 224228. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1979Review of The Linguistic Atlas of Scotland: Scots Section Vol.2 (1977) by James Y. Mather, H.H. Speitel, G.W. Leslie & I.E. Mather. Language 55(1): 224228. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Maguire, Warren & McMahon, April
(eds) 2011Analysing Variation in English. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mair, Christian
2006Tracing ongoing grammatical change and recent diversification in present-day standard English: The complementary role of small and large corpora. In The Changing Face of Corpus Lingustics, Antoinette Renouf & Andrew Kehoe (eds), 355376. Amsterdam: Rodopi.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mallinson, Christine, Childs, Becky & Van Herk, Gerard
(eds) 2013Data Collection in Sociolinguistics: Methods and Applications. New York NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Markus, Manfred
2007Maltese English in its multicultural setting. In Tracing English Through Time: Explorations in Language Variation in Honour of Herbert Schendl on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday, Ute Smit, Stefan Dollinger, Julia Hüttner, Gunther Kaltenböck & Ursula Lutzky (eds), 20318. Vienna: Braumüller.Google Scholar
Mather, James Y. & Speitel, H.H
1975, 1977The Linguistic Atlas of Scotland, Vol. 1–2. London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Mathews, Mitford
(ed.) 1951Dictionary of Americanisms on Historical Principles. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
McConnell, Ruth E
1979Our Own Voice. Canadian English and How it is Studied. Toronto: Gage.Google Scholar
McDavid, Raven I
1940Low-back vowels in the South Carolina Piedmont. American Speech 15: 144148. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1953aReview of A Questionnaire for a Linguistic Atlas of England by Eugen Dieth & Harold Orton. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology 52(4): 563568.Google Scholar
1953bReview of Linguistic Survey of Scotland, First Questionnaire, by Angus McIntosh, Hans J. Uldall & Kenneth Jackson. Edinburgh, 1951. Journal of English and Germanic Philology 52(4): 568570.Google Scholar
1986 [1980]Linguistic geography. In Allen & Linn (eds), 117122.Google Scholar
McIntosh, Angus
1961An Introduction to a Survey of Scottish Dialects. Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson.Google Scholar
McIntosh, Angus, Uldall, Hans J. & Jackson, Kenneth
1951Linguistic Survey of Scotland: First Questionnaire. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
McKinnie, Meghan & Dailey-O’Cain, Jennifer
2002A perceptual dialectology of Anglophone Canada from the perspective of young Albertans and Ontarians. In Preston & Long (eds), Vol. 2: 27794.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend & Bhatt, Rakesh M
2008World Englishes. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Meyerhoff, Miriam
2011Introducing Sociolinguistics, 2nd edn. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Miller, Corey
1989The United States-Canadian border as a linguistic boundary: the English language in Calais, Maine and St. Stephen, New Brunswick. B.A. Essay. Department of Linguistics, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Milroy, Lesley
1987Language and Social Networks [Language in Society 2], 2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Mitzka, Walther
1938Der deutsche Wortatlas. Zeitschrift für Mundartforschung 14: 4055.Google Scholar
1939Der Fragebogen zum Deutschen Wortatlas. Zeitschrift für Mundartforschung 15: 105111.Google Scholar
1952Handbuch zum Deutschen Sprachatlas. Gießen: W. Schmitz & Elwertsche Universitätsbuchhandlung Marburg.Google Scholar
Mitzka, Walther & Schmidt, Ludwig Erich
1951–80Deutscher Wortatlas, 22 Vols. Giessen: W. Schmitz.Google Scholar
Moser, Claus A. & Kalton, Graham
1971Survey Methods in Social Investigation. London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Muhr, Rudolf
1989Deutsch und Österreich(isch): Gespaltene Sprache – Gespaltenes Bewusstsein – Gespaltene Identität. ide (Informationen zur Deutschdidaktik), (Klagenfurt) 2 (13th year): 7498.Google Scholar
Nagy, Naomi, Chociej, Joanna & Hoffman, Michol F
2014Analyzing ethnic orientation in the quantitative sociolinguistic paradigm. Language and Communication 35: 9–26. New Perspectives on the Concept of Ethnic Identity in North America, Lauren Hall-Lew & Malcah Yaeger-Dror (eds). DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nelson, Francis W
1983Dialectology: An Introduction. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Noseworthy, Ronald
1974Fishing supplement – Newfoundland Dialect Questionnaire. Regional Language Studies…Newfoundland 5: 1821.Google Scholar
Nylvek, Judith A
1984A Regional and Sociolinguistic Survey of Saskatchewan English. MA dissertation, University of Victoria, BC.
1992Is Canadian English in Saskatchewan becoming more American? American Speech 67(3): 268278. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1993aCanadian English in Saskatchewan. A Sociolingistic Survey of Four Selected Regions. PhD dissertation, University of Victoria, BC.
1993bA sociolinguistic analysis of Canadian English in Saskatchewan: A look at urban versus rural speakers. In Clarke (ed.), Focus on Canada, 201228. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
OED = OED-3 = Oxford English Dictionary
2000– 3rd edn. Ed. by Michael Proffitt & John Simpson. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Owens, Thompson W. & Baker, Paul M
1984Linguistic insecurity in Winnipeg: Validation of a Canadian index of linguistic insecurity. Language in Society 13: 337350. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Orkin, Mark M
1970 [1971]Speaking Canadian English. An informal account of the English language in Canada. Reprint. New York NY: McKay Company.Google Scholar
Orton, Harold, et al.
1962–71Survey of English Dialects: Basic Materials, 13 Vols. Leeds: E.J. Arnold & Son.
Orton, Harold, Sanderson, Steward & Widdowson, John
1978The Linguistic Atlas of England. London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Patton, Mildred L
2001Questionnaire Research: A Practical Guide. 2nd edn. Los Angeles: Pyrczak Publishing.Google Scholar
Pederson, Lee, McDaniel, Susan L. & Adams, Carol M
(eds) 1986–93Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States, 7 Vols. Athens GA: University of Georgia Press.Google Scholar
Pennycook, Alastair
2010Language as Local Practice. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
2007Global Englishes and Transcultural Flows. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Pepys, Samuel
n.d. The Diary of Samuel Pepys, H.B. Wheatley (ed.) http://​www​.pepysdiary​.com DOI logo
Perusse, Bernard
2010Yanovsky’s voice remains her own. Montreal Gazette 22 Apr 2010, C1.Google Scholar
Pi, Chia-Yi Tony
2000Canadians telling time: A study in dialect topography. Toronto Working Paper in Linguistics 18: 80102.Google Scholar
Pitzl, Marie-Louise, Breiteneder, Angelica & Klimpfinger, Theresa
2008‘A world of words: processes of lexical innovation in VOICE’. Vienna English Working Papers 17(2): 2146. http://​anglistik​.univie​.ac​.at​/fileadmin​/user​_upload​/dep​_anglist​/weitere​_Uploads​/Views​/views​_0802​.pdfGoogle Scholar
Pitzl, Marie-Louise
2009‘“We should not wake up any dogs”: Idiom and metaphor in ELF. In English as a Lingua Franca: Studies and Findings, Anna Mauranen & Elina Ranta (eds), 298322. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.Google Scholar
2012Creativity meets convention: Idiom variation and re‑metaphorization in ELF. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca 1(1): 2755. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Plag, Ingo
2003Word-formation in English. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Platt, John Talbot, Weber, Heidi & Ho, Mian Lian
1984The New Englishes. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Polson, James
1969A Linguistic Questionnaire for British Columbia: A Plan for a Postal Survey of Dialectal Variation in B.C., with an Account of Recent Research. MA thesis, University of British Columbia.Google Scholar
Pop, Sever
1950La dialectologie: aperçu historique et méthodes d’enquêtes linguistiques, 2 Vols. Louvain: Université de Louvain.Google Scholar
Poplack, Shana
1985Contrasting patterns of code-switching in two communities. In Methods/Méthodes V. 1984. Papers from the Fifth International Conference on Methods in Dialectology, H.J. Warkentyne (ed.), 363385. Victoria, B.C.: University of Victoria.Google Scholar
Pratt, T.K
1983A case for direct questioning in traditional fieldwork. American Speech 58(2): 150155. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Preston, Dennis R
1989Perceptual Dialectology. Nonlinguists’ Views of Areal Linguistics. Dordrecht: Foris. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2002Language with an attitude. In The Handbook of Language Variation and Change, Jack K. Chambers, Peter Trudgill & Natalie Schilling-Estes (eds), 4066. Malden MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
2005The big sibling to the north: US views of Canadian English. Talk presented at University of Alberta, no date.
Preston, Dennis
2006Response to D. Deterding. 2006. Review of Nancy A. Niedzielski & Dennis R. Preston. 2000. Folk Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 16(1): 11315.Google Scholar
Preston, Dennis R. & Long, Daniel
(eds) 1999–2002Handbook of Perceptual Dialectology, Vols 1–2. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Priestley, Francis Ethelbert Louis
1968 [1951]. Canadian English. In British and American English since 1900. With contributions on English in Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and India, Eric Partridge & John W. Clark (eds), 7284. New York NY: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Pringle, Ian
1983The concept of dialect and the study of Canadian English. Queen’s Quarterly 90(1): 100121.Google Scholar
1985Attitudes to Canadian English. In The English Language Today, Sidney Greenbaum (ed.), 183205. Oxford: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Pringle, Ian & Padolsky, Enoch
1983The linguistic survey of the Ottawa Valley. American Speech 58(4): 327344. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Prodromou, Luke
2007Bumping into creative idiomaticity. English Today 23(1): 1425. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Quirk, Randolph, Greenbaum, Sidney, Leech, Geoffrey & Svartvik, Jan
1985A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Quist, Pia & Bente A. Svendsen
(eds) 2010Multilingual Urban Scandinavia: New Linguistic Perspectives. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Rampton, Ben, Blommaert, Jan, Arnaut, Karel & Spotti, Massimiliano
2015Superdiversity and sociolinguistics. Working Papers in Urban Language & Literacies 152: 113.Google Scholar
Rau, D. Victoria
2013Cross-cultural issues in studying endangered languages. In Mallinson, Childs & Van Herk (eds), 101104.Google Scholar
Reiffenstein, Ingo
1981Johann Andreas Schmeller und die heutige Dialektforschung. Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik 48(3): 289298.Google Scholar
Robinson, Jonnie
2015Ratching through kintle for bobby-dazzlers: Initial reflections on the British Library’s Evolving English ‘WordBank’. Paper presented at Ox-Lex, 4th International Symposium on Approaches to English Historical Lexicography and Lexicology, Oxford University, 25 March. http://​www​.pmb​.ox​.ac​.uk​/sites​/default​/files​/library​/Documents​/Conferences​/oxlex​_abstracts​_18march15​.pdf [1 May 2015].
Rohdenburg, Günther & Schlüter, Julia
(eds) 2009One Language, Two Grammars? Differences between British and American English. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rodman, Lilita
1974Characteristics of B.C. English. The English Quarterly 7(4): 4982.Google Scholar
Ruß, Marina
2008Bildliche Lautdarstellungen in Therapie, Unterricht und Lehre. Cologne: ProLog.Google Scholar
Sauer, Hans
1992Nominalkomposita im Frühmittelenglischen: Mit Ausblicken auf die Geschichte der englischen Nominalkomposition. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
de Saussure, Ferdinand
1916[1966]Course in General Linguistics, Charles Bally & Albert Sechehaye (eds), Wade Baskin (transl.). New York NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Scargill, Matthew H
1974Modern Canadian English Usage. Linguistic Change and Reconstruction. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.Google Scholar
Scargill, Matthew H. & Warkentyne, Henry J
1972The survey of Canadian English: A report. The English Quarterly . A Publication of the Canadian Council of Teachers of English 5(3): 47104.Google Scholar
Scheuringer, Hermann
2010Mapping the German language. In Language and Space: An International Handbook of Linguistic Variation [Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science 30.2], Vol. 2, Peter Auer & Jürgen Erich Schmidt (eds), 158179. Berlin: De Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schleef, Erik
2013Written surveys and questionnaires. In Holmes & Hazen (eds), Research Methods in Sociolinguistics: A Practical Guide, 4257.Google Scholar
Schmied, Josef
1991English in Africa. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Schneider, Edgar W
2003The dynamics of New Englishes: From identity construction to dialect birth. Language 79: 233281. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2007Postcolonial English: Varieties Around the World. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schneider, Edgar W., Burridge, Kate, Kortmann, Bernd, Mesthrie, Rajend
& Upton, Clive (eds) 2004A Handbook of Varieties of English. A Mulitmedia Reference Tool, Vol. I: Phonology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schütze, Carson T
1996The Empirical Base of Linguistics : Grammaticality Judgements and Linguistic Methodology. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Seiler, Guido
2010Investigating language and space: Questionnaire and interview. In Language and Space: An International Handbook of Linguistic Variation, Vol. 1: Theories and Methods [Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science 30.1], Peter Auer & Jürgen Erich Schmidt (eds), 512527. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Seidlhofer, Barbara
2007English as a lingua franca and communities of practice. In Anglistentag 2006 Halle: Proceedings, Sabine Volk-Birke & Julia Lippert (eds), 30718. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag.Google Scholar
2009Accommodation and the idiom principle in English as a lingua franca. Intercultural Pragmatics 6(2): 195215. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2011Understanding English as a Lingua Franca [Oxford Applied Linguistics], Kindle Locations 5915–5918. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Shuy, Roger W., Wolfram, Walter A. & Riley, William K
1968Field Techniques in an Urban Language Study. Washington DC: Centre for Applied Linguistics.Google Scholar
Silverstein, Michael
2003Indexical order and the dialectics of sociolinguistic life. Language and Communication 23: 193229. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Simpson, Jane
2004 [2008]Hypocristics in Australian English. In Varieties of English: The Pacific and Australasia, Kate Burridge & Bernd Kortmann (eds), 398415. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Sorace, Antonella & Keller, Frank
2005Gradience in linguistic data. Lingua 115(11): 14971525. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Spichtinger, Daniel
2000From anglocentrism to TEIL: reflections on our English programme. VIEWS 9(1): 6972. https://​anglistik​.univie​.ac​.at​/research​/views​/archive/Google Scholar
Stadler, Franz Joseph
1819Landessprachen der Schweiz oder Schweizerische Dialektologie; mit kritischen Sprachbemarkungen beleuchtet, nebst der Gleichniszrede von dem verlorenen Sohne in allen Schweizermundarten. Aarau: Sauerländer.Google Scholar
Stevenson, Roberta C
1976The Pronunciation of English in B.C. MA thesis, University of British Columbia.
Story, George M
1959A Newfoundland Dialect Questionnaire: Avalon Peninsula. Ms. Memorial University. English Language Research Centre: Memorial University.
Story, George Morley, Kirwin, William J. & Widdowson, John David Allison
(eds) 1982 Online ed 1999Dictionary of Newfoundland English. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Svartvik, Jan
1992Corpus linguistics comes of age. In Directions in Corpus Linguistics, Proceedings of the Nobel Symposium 82, Stockholm 4–8 August 1991, Jan Svartvik (ed.), 713. Berlin: De Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tajfel, Henri & Turner, John C
1979An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, William G. Austin & Stephen Worchel (eds), 3347. Pacific Grove CA: Brooks & Cole.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, Sali A
2006Analysing Sociolinguistic Variation. Cambridge: CUP. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, Sali A. and Alexandra D’Arcy
2007The modals of obligation/necessity in Canadian perspective. English World-Wide 28(1): 4787. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, Sali and Alexandra D’Arcy
2009Peaks beyond phonology: adolescence, incrementation, and language change. Language 85(1): 58108. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Thomas, Alan R
1973Linguistic Geography of Wales: A Contribution to Welsh Dialectology. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.Google Scholar
Tisato, Graziano G
2009NavigAIS: AIS Digital Atlas and Navigation Software. [Digital version of Jaberg & Jud 1928–1940]. Ver. 1.47. http://​www3​.pd​.istc​.cnr​.it​/navigais/ [7 February 2014].
Tourangeau, Roger & Plewes, Thomas J
(eds) 2014Nonresponse in Social Sciences: A Research Agenda. Washington DC: The National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Trier, Jost
1931Der deutsche wortschatz im sinnbezirk des verstandes: Von den anfängen bis zum beginn des 13. Jahrhunderts. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Google Scholar
Trudgill, Peter
1972Sex, covert prestige and linguistic change in the urban British English of Norwich. Language in Society 1(2): 17995. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1974aLinguistic change and diffusion: description and explanation in sociolinguistic dialect geography. Language in Society 3: 215246. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1974bThe Social Stratification of English in Norwich. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
1986Dialects in Contact. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
2004New-Dialect Formation: The Inevitability of Colonial Englishes. Edinburgh: EUP.Google Scholar
2008Colonial dialect contact in the history of European languages: On the irrelevance of identity to new-dialect formation. Language in Society 37(2): 241254. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Trudgill, Peter & Giles, Howard
1978Sociolinguistics and linguistic value judgements: Correctness, adequacy and aesthetics. In Functional Studies in Language and Literature, Frank Coppieters & Didier L. Goyvaerts (eds), 167–180. Ghent: E. Story-Scientia.Google Scholar
Trudgill, Peter, Gordon, Elizabeth, Lewis, Gillian & Maclagan, Margaret
2000aDeterminism in new-dialect formation and the genesis of New Zealand English. Journal of Linguistics 36: 299318. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2000bThe role of drift in the formation of native-speaker southern hemisphere Englishes: Some New Zealand evidence. Diachronica 17: 111138. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Trudgill, Peter & Hannah, Jean
2002International English. A Guide to Varieties of Standard English, 4th edn. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Upton, Clive & Widdowson, John David Allison
(eds) 220061 1996An Atlas of English Dialects. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Van Herk, Gerard, Childs, Becky & Thorburn, Jennifer
2010Identity marking and affiliation in an urbanizing Newfoundland community. In Canadian English: A Linguistic Reader, Elaine Gold & Janice McAlpine, 135144. Kingston ON: Strathy Language Unit. http://​www​.queensu​.ca​/strathy​/apps​/OP6v2​.pdfGoogle Scholar
Vaux, Bert
2004Harvard Dialect Survey. http://​dialect​.redlog​.net/ [8 July 2014].
Viereck, Wolfgang
1975Lexikalische und Grammatische Ergebnisse des Lowman-Survey von Mittel- und Südengland, 2 Vols. Munich: Wilhelm Fink.Google Scholar
Viereck, Wolfgang & Ramisch, Heinrich
1997The Computer Developed Linguistic Atlas of England 2. Tübingen: Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Wald, Benji & Besserman, Lawrence
2002The emergence of the verb-verb compound in twentieth century English and twentieth century linguistics. In Studies in the History of English: A Millennial Perspective, Donka Minkova & Robert Stockwell (eds), 417447. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Walker, James A. & Hoffman, Michol F
2013Fieldwork in immigrant communities. In Mallinson, et al. (eds), Data Collection in Sociolinguistics: Methods and Applications, 8083.Google Scholar
Walker, James A. & Torres Cacoullos, Rena
2009The present of the English future: Grammatical variation and collocations in discourse. Language 85(2): 321354. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wanjema, Shontael, Carmichael, Katie, Walker, Abby & Campbell-Kibler, Kathryn
2013The Ohiospeaks Project: Engaging undergraduates in sociolinguistic research. American Speech 88: 223235. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wang, William S.-Y. & Cheng, Chin-chuan
1970Implementation of phonological change: The Shuang-feng Chinese case. Chicago Linguistic Society 6: 55259.Google Scholar
Warkentyne, Henry J
1983Attitudes and language behaviour. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 28: 716.Google Scholar
Warkentyne, Henry & Brett, A.C
1993. Statistical Analysis of Variation in Canadian English. In Proceedings of the 1990 International Congress of Dialectologists, Wolfgang Viereck (ed.), 496506. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.Google Scholar
Watson, Kevin & Clark, Lynn
2014Exploring listeners’ real-time reactions to regional accents. Language Awareness. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Weinreich, Uriel, Labov, William & Herzog, Marvin
1968Empirical foundations for a theory of language change. In Directions in Historical Linguistics, Winfried P. Lehmann & Yakov Malkiel (eds), 95195. Austin TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Wenker, Georg
(ed.) 1887–1923Sprachatlas des Deutschen Reiches: Laut- und Formenatlas. 1647 hand-drafted multicolour maps. Archived at the Forschungszentrum Deutscher Sprachatlas Marburg and at the Staatsbibliothek Preußischer Kulturbesitz Berlin.
2013[1895]. Herrn Bremers Kritik des Sprachatlas. In Georg Wenker: Schriften zum Sprachatlas des Deutschen Reiches: Gesamtausgabe, Band 2, Alfred Lameli (ed.) with assistance of Johanna Heil & Constanze Wellendorf, 957976. Hildesheim: Georg Olms.Google Scholar
Wick, Neil
2003Intra-speaker variability in dialect variation and change. Ms, LING 5240, Department of Linguistics, York University.
Widdowson, Henry G
1994The ownership of English. TESOL Quarterly 28(2): 377389. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wilson, H. Rex
1958The dialect of Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia. A study of the English of the county, with reference to its sources, preservation of relics, and vestiges of bilingualism. PhD Thesis, University of Michigan.
Winchester, Simon
1998The Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary. New York NY: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
Winford, Don
2003An Introduction to Contact Linguistics. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Wolff, H
1959Intelligibility and inter-ethnic attitudes. Anthropological Linguistics 1(3): 3441.Google Scholar
Wolfram, Walter A
1969A Sociolinguistic Description of Detroit Negro Speech. Washington DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.Google Scholar
Woods, Howard B
1993A synchronic study of English spoken in Ottawa: Is Canadian English becoming more American? In Clarke (ed.), Focus on Canada, 151178. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1999 [1979]The Ottawa Survey of Canadian English. [Strathy Language Unit Occasional Papers 4]. Kingston: Queen’s University.Google Scholar
Wrede, Ferdinand, Martin, Bernhard & Mitzka, Walther
(eds) 1927–1956Deutscher Sprachatlas. Marburg: Elwert.Google Scholar
Wright, Joseph
(ed.) 1898–1905The English Dialect Dictionary. London: Henry Frowde.Google Scholar
(ed.) 1898The English Dialect Dictionary, Vol I: A-C. London: Henry Frowde.Google Scholar
Zeller, Christine
1990Dialect variants from Toronto to Milwaukee. MA forum paper, Department of Linguistics, University of Toronto.
1993Linguistic symmetries, asymmetries, and border effects within a Canadian/American sample. In Focus on Canada [Varieties of English around the World G11], Sandra Clarke (ed.), 179200. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar