Ch. 4 | Exercise 2

Chapter 4
The Internal Structure of Words and Processes of Word Formation in English

Exercise 4.2
Inflectional Affixes

For each of the bold words in the passage from Wallace Stegner's “The Dump Ground” below, label the inflectional suffix:

pres

=

present tense

compr

=

comparative degree

past

=

past tense

supl

=

superlative degree

prsprt

=

present participle

poss

=

possessive case

pstprt

=

past participle

pl

=

plural number

The place fascinated us, as it should have. For this was the kitchen midden of all the civilization we knew. It gave us the most tantalizing glimpses into our neighbors’ lives and our own; it provided an aesthetic distance from which to know ourselves.

The town dump was our poetry and our history. We took it home with us by the wagonload, bringing back into town the things the town had used and thrown away. Some little part of what we gathered, mainly bottles, we managed to bring back to usefulness, but most of our gleanings we left lying around barn or attic or cellar until in some renewed fury of spring cleanup our families carted them off to the dump again, to be rescued and briefly treasured by some other boy. Occasionally something we really valued with a passion was snatched from us in horror and returned at once. That happened to the mounted head of a white mountain goat, somebody's trophy from old times and the far Rocky Mountains, that I brought home one day. My mother took one look and discovered that his beard was full of moths.

I remember that goat; I regret him yet. Poetry is seldom useful, but always memorable. If I were a sociologist anxious to study in detail the life of any community I would go very early to its refuse piles. For a community may be as well judged by what it throws away – what it has to throw away and what it chooses to – as by any other evidence. For whole civilizations we sometimes have no more of the poetry and little more of the history than this (from Wolf Willow 1955: 35-36).

should

past

most

supl

neighbors’

pl (+ poss)*

ourselves

pl

took

past

bringing

prsprt

used

pstprt

gathered

past

lying

prsprt

renewed

pstprt

families

pl

returned

pstprt

somebody's

poss

brought

past

remember

pres

would

past

its

poss

judged

pstprt

chooses

pres

more

comp

*There is really no inflection for case in the plural. In writing, the apostrophe indicates possessive.