Ch. 8 | Exercise 2

Chapter 8
Adverbials, Auxiliaries, and Sentence Types

Exercise 8.2
Postverbal PPs

1.

For each postverbal PP in the following sentences, name its function (pC, aA, dA, cA, iO, oC, sC, comp of A, Mod). Be sure to distinguish particles of phrasal verbs (Prt).

Example:

I gave money to refugees on September 27th
Answer:

to refugees

iO

on September 27th

aA
a.

She had just opened the door for me. (coca:fic)

b.

Sometimes we work for several hours in the studio. (coca:mag)

c.

He turned a family pet into a savage predator. (coca:spok)

d.

Tony Hayward turned on the charm. (coca:mag)

e.

And I was delighted with the verdict. (coca:spok)

f.

She returned the packet of cookies to the minifridge. (coca:fic)

g.

I looked up an adoption agency in the phone book. (coca:mag)

h.

He had hoped for a position at MIT. (coca:fic)

i.

It will be in operation before the end of this year. (coca:news)

j.

They went to Portugal with three children. (coca:spok)

k.

I wrote down a very detailed account of the dream. (coca:fic)

l.

he sent a report back to the Pentagon. (coca:mag)

m.

Cinderella's stepmother likely put on a dazzling gown for the prince's ball. (coca:fic)

n.

My skin looks like an oil slick in the summer. (coca:mag)

o.

More and more people are becoming aware of the need for change. (coca:mag)

2.

Explain the ambiguity of the following sentences. Draw generalized phrase structure trees.

a.

I asked about the book in the library.

b.

We passed over the site.

c.

Verna wrote the paper for Marylou.

3.

Discuss the function of up in the following sentences:

a.

They were able to look up the street at the mountains above town. (coca:acad)

b.

We had just put up a trampoline in our yard. (coca:news)

c.

Up the road, we dined at Mariscos Polo, sharing fresh seafood and limonadas (coca:mag)

d.

That's when the defense is turned up. (coca:news)

e.

Hundreds of them rose up in an agitated circular flight. (coca:news)

f.

Betsy told me you were up. (coca:fic)

1.
a. for me oC
b. for several hours
in the studio		 aA
aA
c. into a savage predator oC
d. on Prt
e. with the verdict comp of A
f. of cookies
to the minifridge		 Mod of N
oC (pC)
g. up
in the phone book		 Prt
oC (pC)
h. for a position
at MIT		 pC
Mod of N
i. in operation
before the end
of the year		 sC
aA
Mod of N
j. to Portugal
with three children		 pC
pC
k. down
of the dream		 Prt
Mod of N
l. back
to the Pentagon		 Prt
oC (pC)
m. on
for the prince's ball		 Prt
aA
n. like an oil slick
in the summer		 sC
aA
o. of the need
for change		 comp of A
Mod of N
2.
a.

f1.svg
f2.svg

b.

f3.svg
f4.svg

c.

f5.svg
f6.svg

3.
a.

up is a preposition, part of the prepositional complement up the street.

b.

up is a particle, part of the transitive phrasal verb put up.

c.

up is a preposition, part of the adjunct adverbial up a steep grade

d.

up is an particle, part of the intransitive phrasal verb turn up.

e.

up is an adjunct adverbial

f.

up is an adjective functioning as subject complement.