An audio description (AD) converts images into words: visual elements – and sounds which cannot be understood without the images – are transferred into AD units, i.e., aural linguistic elements which are inserted when there is no significant speech or relevant sound in the source content (the so-called “silent gaps”).
References
Chmiel, Agnieszka, and Iwona Mazur
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Fryer, Louise
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(eds)2015Audio description. New perspectives illustrated. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Mazur, Iwona, and Jan-Louis Kruger
(eds)2012Pear Stories and Audio Description: Language, perception and cognition across cultures. Special issue Perspectives. Studies in Translatology 20 (1).
Matamala, Anna
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Matamala, Anna
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Mazur, Iwona, and Agnieszka Chmiel
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Perego, Elisa
2019 “Audio description: evolving recommendations for usable, effective and enjoyable practices.” In Routledge Handbook of Audiovisual Translation, ed. by Luis Pérez-González, 114–129. London: Routledge.
Rai, Sonali, Joan Greening, and Leen Petré
2010A comparative study of audio description guidelines prevalent in different countries. London: RNIB.
Remael, Aline, Nina Reviers, and Gert Vercauteren
(eds)2015Pictures painted in words. ADLAB audio description guidelines. Trieste: EUT.
Snyder, Joel
2014The visual made verbal. A comprehensive training manual and guide to the history and application of audio description. Arlington: ACB.