Lähte- ja sihtteksti suhte kirjeldamiseks on kasutatud erinevaid, teineteisega sageli binaarses opositsioonis seisvaid nimetusi, nagu sõnasõnaline vs. vaba tõlge või sõnu edasi andev vs. mõtet edasi andev tõlge. Süsteemsemate või „teaduslikumate“ tõlkekäsitluste tekkimisel 20. sajandi teisel poolel kasutati sellise suhte kirjeldamiseks kõige sagedamini ekvivalentsuse mõistet. Ekvivalentsusel põhinevaid teooriaid ühendab püüdlus määratleda, millised tekstid on seotud lähtetekstiga tõlkesuhte kaudu ja seega leida kriteeriume, mis võimaldaksid eristada tõlget teistest sekundaarsetest või tekstipõhistest tekstiloome vormidest (vrd Koller 1995).
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