Semantilised mudelid ja tõlkimine [Semantic models and translation]

Paul Kussmaul
University of Mainz
tõlkija Maarja Merioja & Terje Loogus
Sisukord

Akadeemilised tõlkeuuringud on algusest saadik tegelenud tähendusega. Nida kasutas oma teedrajavas töös (Nida 1964) strukturaalsemantikat ja komponentanalüüsi – eelkõige seoses piiblitõlkega (vt Religious translation). Strukturaalsemantika tegeleb keele kui süsteemiga ja tollal andis see tõlkimisele tugeva teoreetilise aluse. Üks Nida peamisi tõdemusi oli see, et me ei tõlgi mitte sõnu, vaid semantiliste komponentide kogumeid. Näiteks sõna „andestus“ koosneb komponentidest: (1) ühe isiku taunitav tegu, (2) mõjutatud isiku otsus seda tegu ignoreerida ja (3) sellest tulenev seisund, mis on sisuliselt samaväärne olukorraga, mis oli enne taunitava teo toimumist. Navajo keeles on sellise komponentide kogumi kohta parafraas „anda talle tema patt tagasi“ (Nida 1974: 47).

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