Machine translation (MT) is the translation, by means of a computer using suitable software, of a text written in the source language (SL) which produces another text in the target language (TL) which may be called its raw translation. This definition seems to imply that the resulting TL translation may be used as a professional product would, but machine translation and professional translation, even if closely related in purpose, are not interchangeable products (Sager 1994: 261).

References

Allen, Jeffrey

2003 “Post-editing.” In: Somers 2003a. 297–319.  TSB.

Arnold, Doug

2003 “Why translation is difficult for computers.” In: Somers 2003a. 119–142.  TSB

Arnold, Doug J., Balkan, Lorna, Meijer, Siety, Humphreys, R. Lee & Sadler, Louisa

1993 Machine translation: an Introductory Guide. London: Blackwells. http://​www​.essex​.ac​.uk​/linguistics​/external​/clmt​/MTbook/ [Accessed 21 July 2010].  TSB

Brown, P., Cocke J., Della Pietra S., Della Pietra V., Jelinek F., Mercer R., & Roossin P

1988 “A statistical approach to French/English translation.” In Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12–14, 1988. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation.

Carl, Michael & Way, Andy

(eds) 2003 Recent advances in example-based machine translation. Dordrecht: Kluwer.  TSB

Hutchins, John & Somers, Harold

1992 An introduction to machine translation. London: Academic Press.

Koehn, Philipp

2009 Statistical machine translation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  TSB

Lockwood, Rose

2000 “Machine translation and controlled authoring at Caterpillar.” In Translating into success: cutting-edge strategies for going multilingual in a global age, R.C. Sprung (ed.), 187–202. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.  TSB

Mitamura, Teruko, Nyberg, Eric H. 3rd, Carbonell, Jaime G

1993 “An Efficient Interlingua Translation System for Multi-lingual Document Production.” In Progress in machine translation, Sergei Nirenburg (ed.), 105–117. Amsterdam/ Oxford/ Washington DC: IOS Press; Tokyo: Ohmsha.

Nagao, Makoto

1984 “A framework of a mechanical translation between Japanese and English by analogy principle”. In Artificial and human intelligence: edited review papers presented at the international NATO Symposium, October 1981, Lyons, France, Alick Elithorn & Ranan Banerji (eds), 173–180. Amsterdam: North Holland.

Nyberg, Eric, Mitamura, Teruko, Huijsen, Willem-Olaf

2003 “Controlled language for authoring and translation.” In: Somers 2003a. 245–282.  TSB.

Sager, Juan C

1994 Language engineering and translation: consequences of automation. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.  TSB

Schneider, Thomas

1989 “The METAL system, status 1989.” In Proceedings of MT Summit II, August 16–18, 1989, Munich, Germany. Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.; 128–136.

Simard, Michel, Goutte, Cyril, Isabelle, Pierre

2007 “Statistical phrase-based post-editing.” In NAACL-HLT-2007 Human Language Technology: the conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 22–27 April 2007, Rochester, NY. 508–515..

Somers, Harold

(ed.) 2003a Computers and Translation: A translator’s guide. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.  BoP

Somers, Harold

(ed.) 2003b “An overview of EBMT”, in Carl & Way 2003..