A model can be defined as a kind of empirical theory which aims to show some kind of isomorphic relation with its object. A model offers a simplified representation of what are believed to be the essential features of the object. Good models not only describe their object accurately, but also incorporate or generate possible explanations, and predictions that can be tested. A good example of a powerful predictive model is Mendeleev's one of the periodic table of the chemical elements, which he developed around 1870. His table had gaps which the model predicted would be filled by elements that would be discovered later. This prediction eventually came true, which was powerful evidence that the explanatory principles on which the table was based were correct.

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