In the early 1940s multilingual events such as the Nuremberg War Crime trials (1945–1946), plenary sessions of international organizations and international conferences all called for the least time-consuming mode of interpreting to allow verbal interaction among participants. After some previously successful trials (such as the International Labour Organization’s assembly in 1927), simultaneous interpreting (SI) established itself as the most effective mode of interpreting in these kinds of interpreter-mediated events (see also Consecutive interpreting). It is also the most commonly used form of interpreting in other events, such as media interpreting. SI requires step-by-step training, which is nowadays provided by academic Schools for Interpreters all over the world, and also suitable working conditions (see below).

References

Chernov, Ghelly V

2004 Inference and anticipation in simultaneous interpreting. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins  BoP

Davidson, Paul

1992 “Segmentation of Japanese Source Language Discourse in Simultaneous Interpretation.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter 1: 2–11.

Diriker, Ebru

2004 De-/Re-Contextualizing Conference Interpreting: Interpreters in the Ivory Tower? Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins  BoP

Fabbro, Franco & Gran, Laura

1997 “Neurolinguistic Research in Simultaneous Interpretation.” In Conference Interpreting: Current Trends in Research, Yves Gambier, Daniel Gile & Christopher Taylor (eds), 9–27. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins

Gile, Daniel

1988 “Le partage de l’attention et le ’modèle d’effort’ en interprétation simultanée.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter 1: 4–22.

Gile, Daniel

1995/2009 Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training (rev. ed.). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins  BoP

Goldman-Eisler, Frieda

1972/2002 “Segmentation of Input in Simultaneous Translation.” In The Interpreting Studies Reader, Franz Pöchhacker & Miriam Shlesinger (eds), 68–76. London/New York: Routledge.  TSB

Kalina, Sylvia

2002 “Quality in Interpreting and its Prerequisites: A Framework for a Comprehensive View.” In Interpreting in the 21st Century. Challenges and Opportunities, Giuliana Garzone & Maurizio Viezzi (eds), 121–132. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins  TSB

Krick, Christoph, Reith, Wolfgang, Behrent, Sigrid & Franceschini, Rita

2005 “Das gläserne Hirn des Dolmetschers.” MDÜ Mitteilungen für Übersetzer und Dolmetscher 51 (6): 6–9. (“Looking into the interpreter’s brain.” ITI bulletin May-June 2006: 8–11).

Lederer, Marianne

1978 “Simultaneous Interpretation. Units of meanings and other features.” In Language Interpretation and Communication, David Gerver & H. Wallace Sinaiko (eds), 323–333. New York & London: Plenum Press  TSB

Paradis, Michel

1994 “Toward a neurolinguistic theory of simultaneous translation: The framework.” International Journal of Psycholinguistics 10 (3) [29]: 319–335.

Paradis, Michel

2000 “Prerequisites for a study of neurolinguistic processes involved in simultaneous interpreting. A synopsis.” In Language processing and simultaneous interpreting: Interdisciplinary perspectives, Birgitta Englund Dimitrova & Kenneth Hyltenstam (eds), 17–24. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins

Seleskovitch, Danica & Lederer, Mariane

2002 Pédagogie raisonnée de l’interprétation. Paris: Didier Erudition.  TSB

Setton, Robin

1999/2002 “Meaning Assembly in Simultaneous Interpretation.” In The Interpreting Studies Reader, Franz Pöchhacker & Miriam Shlesinger (eds), 178–202. London/New York: Routledge  TSB

Setton, Robin

2008 “Progression in SI Training.” Forum 6 (2): 173–193

Straniero Sergio, Francesco

1999 “The Interpreter on the Talk Show. Analyzing Interaction and Participation Framework.” The Translator: Studies in Intercultural Communication 5 (2): 303–326.